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2003-2004学年第二学期《世界中古史》期末考试
考试形式：闭卷 命题人：黄春高
姓名： 学号： 班级：

一 名词解释（任选5，每个6分，共计30分）

赎罪券 《神曲》 贞德 蒂玛尔 《大宪章》
什叶派 黑死病


二 简答题（任选2，每题10分，共计20分）

1、简述罗斯国家的形成
2、简述日本幕府政治的形成
3、简述中古西欧大学的基本特征


三 论述题（任选2，每题25分，共计50分）

1、试论述西农奴制度。
2、试论述宗教改革对西欧各国政治的影响。
3、试论述阿拉伯帝国的解体



뱀다리 : 중간고사때, 나름대로 쉬웠던지라 방심하다가 큰 코 다쳤던 시험이다. 종교쪽으로는 "면죄부"와 "시아파" 그리고 "종교개혁"부분만 나왔다. 레포트와 중간고사에서 점수 따놨기 망정이지 아니었으면 큰일날뻔 했었다-0-;;

固定格式
1．由…组成(构成)：我们班由五个国家的同学组成。
水分子由两个H(氢)一个0(氧)构成。
2．在…看来：在我很主观的看来，夫妻吵架时，其中一方忍让是必要的。
3．拿…来说：小王不是那种自私自利的人。拿这次活动来说，他跑前跑为大家做了不少事。
4．为…所…：流行歌曲为青年人所喜爱．
他的名字并不为许多人所知道．
5．对…来说：对我来说，最重要的是健康，其次是名誉，最后是金钱和爱情。
6．到…为止：到目前为止，没听到伤亡消息。
7．应…邀请：应韩国总统的邀请，中国领导前往韩国访问。
8．继…之后：这是此奖继1988年、1993年授予王蒙、巴金之后，第三次授予中国作家。 9．左说右说：大家左说右说总算把他说动了心答应帮忙． (左顾右盼)
10．时好时坏：他的病时好时坏． 我的表时快时慢。
11．不大不小：这件衣服不大不小。 不高不矮 不冷不热 不好不坏 不肥不瘦
不胖不瘦 不干不净
12．走来走去：他急得在房间里走来走去。 找来找去 飞来飞去 看来看去跑来跑去
1 3．说干就干：他是个急性子，说干就干。 说走就走 说哭就哭 说刮风就下雨
14．忽高忽低：他的学习成绩忽高忽低。 忽上忽下 忽明忽暗
1 5．一长一短：她买了两件裙子，一长一短，长的快没了脚面。
一高一矮 一胖一瘦 一前一后 一左一右
16．或多或少：这件事我或多或少知道些。 或大或小 或快或慢 或早或晚
17．能歌善舞：维吾尔族是个能歌善舞的民族。 能言善辩
18．自言自语：他一个人在那么自言自语- 自谈自唱 自娱自乐
1 9．老的老小的小：我们这一组同学老的老小的小，怎么干活呀? 病的病弱的弱
20．似笑非笑：他长着一双似笑非笑的眼睛。 似懂非懂 似梦非梦 私醉非醉
21．一千二净：饭菜被大家吃得一千二净． 一清二楚
22．一毛不拔：他对自己的亲人都一毛不拔，何况朋友呢? 一言不发 一病不起
23．有声有色：他故事讲得有声有色。 有鼻子有眼
24．半真半假：他半真半假地说，我们结婚吧． 半推半就
25．不辞而别： 为了真情，她只好不辞而别． 不期而遇
26．千军万马：考大学，如同千军万马过独木桥。 千言万语
27．如醉如痴：小王如醉如痴地爱着小李。 如泣如诉
28．三番五次：她三番五次地找我，烦死了。 三令五申
29．七嘴八舌：大家七嘴八舌地议论开了。 七上八下
30．连滚带爬：他’下得连滚带爬地跑了。 连哭带喊 连吃带拿
31．无情无义：他是个无情无义的人。 无声无息 无时无刻 有始无终
有眼无

2001英语试题
一、语音知识（共8小题，每小题1分）
在下面每组单词中，找出划线部分与其他单词读音不同的一个。
1. A. south B. young C. shout D. round
2. A. unit B. struck C student D. few
3. A. thing B. through C. with D. breath
4. A. chemistry B. chairman C. Chinese D. chalk
5. A. field 13. believe C die D. thief
6. A. gain B. main C. mountain D. straight
7. A. degree B. angry C. energy D. agree
8. A. sew B. suit C. suppose D. sugar
二、词汇知识（共12小题，每小题1分）
从每小题的四个选项中，选出意思与句中划线部分最接近的一个。
9. The teacher in the classroom was astonished at what John said
A. greatly surprised B. shouted loudly C. hid completely D. very excited
10. It's no wonder she came home so early.
A. wonderful 13. not surprising C. not easy to understand EX not gt
11. Don't stay there beyond 10 o'clock.
A. before B. until C. after D towards
12. Even computer cannot avoid mistakes.
A. be free from B. correct C repair 12). make fewer
13. Once in a while, he came to have a talk with me.
3.. Ever3, week B. Every two week C Now and then D. When asked
I4. He was worn out after the race
A. Worried B. carried away C. disappointed D. tired out
15. There is hardly any difference between the two maps
A .almost not B. not C. much El some
16.I am sorry. I have broken a glass
Never mind I can buy another one
A. You need not pay for it B. Never worry
C. You are very pay for it D. It doesn't matter
17. The earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun in January than in July
A. almost B. in fact C hardly D nearly always
18. He got on very well with his fellow workers
A took care of B. was friendly to C was helpful to EX kept in touch with
19. Because of the cold in winter, some birds move to the south
A. To pass through B To pass by C. By mason of D. In spite of
20.she led her children into the room, then started to cook supper for them.
A. began to cook B. was about cook C. thought of cook D. planned to cook
三、语法知识（20 题，每小题1分)
21. please stop Let's listen to the radio
A. arguing B. to argue C be arguing D argue
22. It was not until 1936 basketball became a part of the Olympic Games
A. which B. than C. that D then
23. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of
things .
A. stole B. missing C missed D stealing
24. Mr. Zhang isn't here yet I think he about the meeting
A. should have forgotten B. ought to forget
C must have forgotten D. may forget
25. Would you like to join us?
-- I am not as any of you
A. so a good player B. a player so good C a so good player D. so good player
26. Last week a rare stamp at a price of 6,000 dollars
A. sold B. was sold C had sold D. has been sold
27. The president told me that I was given three days to decide whether I the offer
A. will accept B. would accept C. have accepted D. had accepted
28, Be quiet, everybody. The students of Class Two a listening test.
A. had B. would accepted C. would have D. are having
29. white, the kitchen looks much better than before.
A. paints B. painted C. painting D. To paint
30. The telephone was invented in 1876 by a man Alexander Graham Bell
A. named B. to follow C. following D. that follows
31. There came a terrible cry the fall of the pole.
A. followed B. to follow C following D. that follows
32. Someone was speaking there; the voice was familiar us.
A. by B. to C. for D. with
33. The research results show that the earth goes a little faster it is closer to the sun.
A. as if B. so that C than D. when
34. She earns a good salary, so she be deep in debt.
A. can't B. must C. needn't D. should
35. 1 don't trust him at all. His smiles always make me .
A. feeling .sick B. be sick C. being sick D sick
36. his party to power for the fourth time, he becomes famous among Westen leader.
A. Lead B. Leading C. Have led D. Having led
37. I showed him the picture I of the animals the day before, and told him the story.
A. was taken B. have taken C. had taken D. was taking
58. A toy car that a few pence thirty years ago is worth 800 pounds now.
A. cost B. costs C had cost D. has cost
39. If you drink too much ,your health will get even .
,au bad B. poor C. worse D. not well
40. For centuries, people from all over the world have claimed strange
A. to have seen B. having .seen C. to .see D. seeing
四、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分）
About 70 million Americans are trying to lose weights. This is almost one out of 41 three people in the United States Some people go on This 42 they eat less of certain foods, especially fat and sugars 43 people exercise with special equipment ,take medicine, 44 even have surgery, Losing weight is hard work, 45 it can also cost a lot of money, so 46 do so many people in the United States want to lose 47 ?Many people in the United States are 48 for looking young and pleasant To many people, 49 good means being thin, Other people worry about their 50 Many doctors say being overweigh 5l unhealthy. But are Americans really fat? A; most 30 million Americans weigh at least 20 percent 52 than their proper weight. 53 ,the United states is the most overweight country in the world,' The stored 54 of adult Americans weighs 2,300million pounds' said an American scientist. He said burning off that Although losing weight is hard work, most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat.
41. A. the B. all C. every D. these
42. A. tells B. means C. shows D. asks
43. A. others B. Other C. All D. Those
44. A. or B. that C. which D. until
45. A. although B. but C. and D. unless
46. A. what B. how C. when D. why
47.A money B. weight C chance D. mind
48. A. ready B. worried C. anxious D. annoyed
49. A. being B. looking C. eating D. acting
50. A. friends B. looks C. health D. relations
51. A. makes B. made C was D. is
52. A. fats B. less C more D. heavy
53. A. However B. In fact C. At last D. Besides
54.A. energy B. weight C fat D flesh
55. A. strong B. enough C. great D. much
五，阅读理解（共15分，每小题1分）
What must you do when you receive a present for your birthday? You have to sit down and write a thank - you note. The words "Thank you" very important. We have to use them on so many occasions We say them when someone gives us a drink, helps us to pick up things, hands us a letter, leads us a book or gives us lift.
Another important word is" please" Many people forget to use it. It is rude to ask someone to do something without saying pleas" We have to use it when we ask for something, too It may be a book or a pencil, more rice or more sauce, help or advice, It may be in the classroom ,at home, at the bus-stop or over the counter, We have to use" please" to make request pleasant.
We have to learn to say "sorry" too. When we have hurt someone's feeling, we'll have to go up and say we're sorry .When we have told a lie and feel sorry, we will have to use the same word When we have forgotten something or broken a promise, we will have to explain with that word, too. "Sorry" is a healing word We can make people forget wrongs by using it sincerely.
These three words are -simple but important. Man had to use them long ago. We have to use them now. Our children will have to use them again. They are pleasing words to use in any language.
56. When we receive a birthday present, we have to .
A. return it B. give it to one of out friends
C do nothing D. write a thank one-you note
57. When someone helps us to do something, we should .
A. thank him B. say sorry to him
C use the word "please" D. not say anything
58. One of the important words in any language is .
A. hello B. yes C no D. please
59. We have to use the words in any language is .
A. hurt someone's feelings B. ask for something
C. receive a pleasant D. have told a lie
60. The three important words is .
A, thanks, hello and goodbye B. yes, no and really
C thanks, please and sorry D. well. please and pardon
B
The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things: the invention of labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture, Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce." In Europe," said Thomas Jefferson, "the object is to make the most of their !and, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, land being abundant." It was in the United states , therefore, that the great advances in nineteenth century agricultural machinery first came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of crude plow, farmers could have carded practically all of the existing agricultural implements on their back;' by 1860,most of the machinery in use today had been desired in an early from .The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow, As early as 1790 Charles Newbold of New jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmer, however, were not interested in it, darning that the iron poisoned soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless, many people devoted their attention to the pkow, until in 1869 James ()fiver of south Indiana, mined out the first chilled-steel plow.
61 .What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The need for a agricultural advances to help feed a growing population
B. The development of safer machines demanded by the labor movement
C. Machinery that contributed to the agricultural revolution
D. New jersey as a leader in the agricultural revolution
62. The word "naturally" in line3is closest in meaning to
A. unsurprisingly B gradually C apparently D safely
63. The expression "make the most of" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
A. get the best-yield from B raise the price of
C exaggerate the worth of D earn a living on
64. What point is the author making by stating that farmers could carry nearly all their
tools on their backs?
A. Farmers had few tools before the agricultural revolution
B. People in the United States were traditionally self-reliant
C. Life on file farm was extremely difficult
D. New tools were designed to the portable
65. When was the iron plow invented?
A. In 1790 B. In the early 1800's C It 1869 D. It the early, 1900's
C
Joe and Helen Mills had two small children. One of them was six, and the other was four. The)' always resisted going to bed, and Helen was always complaining to Joe about this, but as he did not come back home from work until after she had gone to Joe bed during the week, he was unable to help except at weekends. Joe considered himself a good singer, hut really his voice was not at all musical However, he decided that if sang to the children when they went to bed, it world help them to relax. But on Sunday night, he heard his small son whisper to his younger sister,' if you pretend that you are asleep, he will stop!"
66. The two children
A. liked staying up late B. always sat up for their dad till after the midnight
C. always played throughout file night D. always found it hard to ~ sleep
67. Helen always complained to Joe
A about his coming late B. about her housework
C about the naughty children D. the children were always unwilling to ,go to bed
68. When could Joe have time?
A. during the week B. from Monday to Friday
C. on Saturday and Sunday D. from Sunday to Saturday
69. The word "musical" in the passage means
A. low enough B. pleasant C. like singing D for music
70. Which statement is true?
A. The children enjoy their Father's singing well
B. Their father's singing gave them much relax
C. Their father sang them to sleep ex, every day
D. The boy told his sister to pretend to sleep so that their father would not sing any
more.
六、作文（15分）（不少与120字）
The most important day in my life

英语答案(2001)
1.BBCACCCD
2.ABCACDADBBCA
3.ACBCDBBDBACBDADDCACA
4.CBBACDBCBCDBCB
5.DADBCCAAAAACBD

一、不带宾语动词
1、见面：和朋友见面；见了朋友的面 帮忙：帮朋友的忙
请客：请你们客 生气：生小王的气
丢人：丢父母的人 发火：发了很大的火
沾光：沾了朋友的光 安心：安的什么心
吃亏：吃了语法的亏：吃哑巴亏 受伤：受了重伤
吃醋：吃小王醋

2、替（为）…孩子担心 着想 说情
和…结婚 离婚 谈话 跳舞 散步 吵架 生气 谈天
向…道谢 道歉 撒谎 求婚

3、和“了、着、过”有关
鼓掌 吃饭 跑步 闭眼 起床 下课 下雨 撒谎 散步 点头 谈话 理发 抽烟 唱歌 跳舞

4、和趋向补语有关
跳起舞来 发起烧来 吃起草来 叹起气来 生起气来 鼓起掌来 下起雨来
吃起饭来 撒起谎来 谈起话来 抽起烟来 唱起歌来


二、双宾语动词
1、给予： 给 逆 教奖 还 赔 赏 赠 交 托付 告诉 通知 报告 赠送
转交 退回（返）

2、取得：拿 借 买 偷 问 抢 夺 收 赢 罚 骗 求 请教 麻烦 浪费


三、能愿动词
1、要 想 愿 愿意 情愿 肯 敢 打算

2、可能 能 能够 可以 可 会

3、应该 应 应当 该 得 要 需要


四、兼语动词
请 使 让 叹 令 逼 命令 强迫 吩咐 促使 要求 选 推选

英语试题（2000）
一、语音知识（共8小题，每小题1分）
在下列每组单词中，找出划线部分与其他单词读音不同的一个。
1. A. Teach B. Dead C. Lead D. League
2. A. Look B. Wood C. Foot D. Boot
3. A. Home B. Wolf C. Hope D. Note
4. A. Speaks B. Lays C. Stays D. Delays
5. A. Wander B. Waste C. Wash D. Want
6. A. Question B. Station C. Population D. Condition
7. A. Another B. Those C. There D. Mouth
8. A. Behind B. Blind C. Drink D. Design
二、词汇知识（共计12小题，每小题1分）
从每小题的四个选项中，选出意思与句中画线部分最接近的一项
9. The girl was raised by her aunt after her parents died.
A. risen B. lift C. brought up D. earned on
10. The soldiers have given us students a great deal of help.
A. a lot of B. little C. a little D. some
Il. The customer charged the clothes at Sears.
A. bought on credit B. required C. filled D. priced
12. How can you live on that salary?
A. dwell B. support C. exist D. survive
13. She has a lot of dubious friends.
A. dependable B. thoughtful C. unreliable D. unfriendly
14. We called on our teacher last week.
A. telephoned B. shouted at C. visited D. spoke m loud voice
15. One is supported to eat a light meal before going to bed.
A. tasteful B. small C. vegetarian D. cheap
16.We have issued a very interesting report on Central America
A. referred to B. rejected C. published D. canceled
17. It's not an easy job to select a Christmas gift for a child.
A. give B. find C. buy D. choose
18. It is important that all the conditions should remain constant in this experiment.
A. unchanged B. considered C. continued D. satisfied
19. The girl is too obese to take part m volleyball.
A. slender B. busy C. hard D. fat
20. Their teacher wants them to go over all the essays for grammar and spelling errors.
A. review B. repeat C. overlook D. recite
三、语法知识（共20分小题，每小题1分）
从每从每小题的四个选项中，选出最佳的一项
21. Two of them will go first and the rest stay at home.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
22. The population of the city increasing fast.
A. were B. be C. is D. are
23. It's impossible for so workers to do so work in one day.
A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many
24. China has larger population than in Europe.
A. any other country B. any country
C. any country else D. another country
25. sun has always been important guide to direction.
A. A, an B. The, an C. The, the D. The, a
26. Their school is than ours.
A. more beautiful B. most beautiful
C. the more beautiful D. the most beautiful
27. We can go there on foot. It is only walk.
A. twenty minute B. twenty minutes'
C. a twenty minutes D. twenty minutes of
28. The Chinese Communist Party in 1921.
A. founded B. found C. was founded D. was found
29. He said that he to the Great Wall.
A. had never been B. had never gone C. was never D. has never been
30. lf you the teacher' s advice, you would have passed the English exam.
A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed
31. "Hare you moved into the new house?" "Not yet, the rooms .
A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
32. The new secretary will report to the manager as soon as she .,
A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving
33. Oh, it's so late! It is time I home.
A. go B. went C. am going D. were going
34. Most I do that again?
No, you ?
A. won't B. mustn't C. needn't D. can't
35. l saw him leave the office an hour ago. He at this time.
A. mustn't be working B. can't be working
C. can't work D. may not being working
36. The clock won't work properly. It wants .
A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing D. being repaired
37. As long as you live, your heart never stops .
A. to beat B. beat C. beating D. being beaten
38. Few people agreed his plan at the meeting.
A. on B. for C. with D. to
39. Have a glass of water, ?
A. do you want B. will you C. shall we D. do you please
40. They are in great need of help. .
A. So do I B. So am I C. So I am D. Also am I
四、完形填空（共15分小题，每小题）
Some people don't like TV. They worry that 41 may not be good 42 people. 43 reason is that mnny people 44 a great deal of time watching it. Expert believe that most children will have watched about twenty thousand hours of TV 45 the time they are sixteen. That's more time than is spent 46 any one activity offer than sleeping. It's 47 more time than is spent in school. Some people think that this is far too much time to spend 48 a television 49 . They think it takes too much time away from more active pastimes, 50 people 51 instead of doers.
But no one has yet been able to determine 52 TV is actually a good thing a bad thing, or something in between Many complaints 53 in recent years. 54 this, television, violence and commercial techniques are now being closely studied. The possibility that TV causes eyestrain is being 55 . These concerns are bringing changes to the world of TV.
41. A. this B. that C. it D. which
42. A. for B. to C. with D. at
43. A. A B. This C. The D. One
44. A. use B. spend C. take D. cost
45. A. by B. in C. at D. on
46. A. in B. at C. on D. toward
47. A. far B. still C. even D. much
48. A. in the front of B. behind C. in front of D. ahead
49. A. machine B. window C. screen D. frame
50. A. to make B. makes C. making D. make
51. A. watch B. to watch C. watchers D. watcher
52. A. if B. whether C. that D. how
53. A. expressed B. are expressed
C. have been expressed D. were expressed
54. A. in spite of B. Because C. Because of D. As a result
55. A. looked into B. looked for C. looked through D. looked at
五、阅读理解（共15分小题，每小题2分）从每小题的四个选项中，选出最佳的一项。
A
About the year 1900, a small dark-haired boy named Charlie Chapliln was often seen waiting outside the back entrances of London theatres. He looked thin and hungry. He was hoping to get work in show business. He could sing and dance, and above all, he knew how to make people laugh. But he couldn't get work and therefore wandered about the city streets. Sometimes he was sent away to a home for children who had no parents.
But twenty years later this same Chaplin became the greatest, best-known, and the best loved comedian m the world. Nearly all visitors to cinema must have seen some of Chaplin's films. People everywhere had sat and laughed at them until the tears ran down their faces. Even people who don't understand English can enjoy Chaplin's films because they are almost silent. It isn't what he says that makes people laugh. His comedy doesn't depend on words or languages. It depends on little actions which mean the same thing to people all over the world. Acting without words, of common human situations plays an important part in the dances and plays of many countries. It's a kind of world language.
Chaplin lived most of his life in America and died in Switzerland on Christmas 1977, at the
age of 88. There was sadness all over the world at the news of his death.
56. Why was young Chaplin waiting outside the back entrances of the theatres?
A. He wanted to enjoy a play m the theatre.
B. He was hungry and wanted some food
C. He liked to play a part in a play and thus make a living
D. He wished to become a man of business
57. People all over file world can enjoy Chaplin's films without translation because?
A. English is widely known in the world
B. They can enjoy the films silently
C. The are mostly comedies
D. Most of them are silent
58. What is "a kind of world language" according to the passage?
A. comedy B. acting out common human
C. silence D. films or plays
59. Chaplin is regarded as king of comedy mainly because
A. he acted out the common human situation best m his comedy
B. he could sing and dance well
C. he knew how to make people laugh
D. lots of people have seen his films
60. Little does Chaplin's comedy depend on
A. actions B. feelings
C. expressions D. words
B
Imagine if every time you went to the refrigerator or food cupboard, a voice scolded "Are you eating again? No wonder you look the way you do . You'll be sorry, fatty. "Chances are, you would cut down on those m-between-meal snacks so ruinous to your diet. That's the idea behind a new battery-powered device that acts as a constant reminder to dieters with little will-power. Called the Diet Conscience, the tiny gadget fit on practically and refrigerator or cabinet shelf and has a switch that activates it the moment file door is opened. Its eighteen-second recording is purposely offensive and will repeat itself indefinitely until the door is closed. According to its developer, Carol Kiebala of Leca, Ltd, in Palatine, T11, the Diet Conscience can't help you from sneaking leftovers or a second dessert-but it will certainly make feel guilty when you do. Price: about $10.
61. What does "gadget" mean m this passage?
A. refrigerator B. device C. inventor D. developer
62. The purpose of using the Diet Conscience is that?
A. it will stop you when you want to take more than enough food from the refrigerator
B. it brings no harm to its buyers
C. it will make you feel unnatural while taking food from the refrigerator
D.it will be made known to the public
63. What does "activate" mean?
A. make it start
C. turn it off
B. involve it in various activities
D. dump it
64. The passage is most likely taken from?
A. a university text book B. a user's manual
C. a novel D. an advertisement newspaper
65. Which one do you think is the best title for this passage?
A. Anew way to keep diet B. Diet
C. Do you want to keep finger D. Disaster to the fat
C
The U.S. has been called the most wasteful nation on earth. Americans are accustomed to driving big cars, over-heating their homes, and filling their kitchens are with timesaving like dish washers and microwave ovens. Air conditioning algae accounts for 7% of the nation's energy use. Yet m 1977, almost 50% of the United States oil was imported at a cost of $ 42 billion. As argue, many Americans are convinced that there is an energy shortage. They argue that the U.S. must mend its wasteful ways and check its dependence on foreign oil.
But there exist those who insist that there is no real shortage of energy. They claim that the world still has enough gas and oil reserves to provide ample energy for the next two or three decades. Many scientists say that one-third of the world's undiscovered oil is to be found beneath the sea bed. The most promising areas for the U.S. are the petroleum reserves located about 50 miles off shore, along the Eastern sea coast. In addition to oil supply, there are huge reserves of natural gas and coal in the U.S. which were already consumed in the last 50 years.
It is a fact that US. is using up energy faster than it produces it. They still need to make use of alternative forms of energy, such as solar power, windmills and not to rely on fossil fuels that are becoming scarce and cannot be replaced.
66. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The U.S. will make use of their other forms of energy.
B. The U.S. will use up their energy in the near future'
C, The U.S. is the most wasteful nation on the earth
D. The U.S. is the most abundant innovational resources
67. The main reason why some people insist that there is no real energy shortage is?
A. there is one-third of the world's undiscovered oil undeveloped
B. there is ample natural gas and coal in the U.S.
C. there are different forms of energy to be developed
D. there are enough gas and oil reserves for several decades
68. It can be inferred that if Americans do not make use of alternative forms of energy
A. they will not meet with the energy shortage
B. they can use natural gas or coal 'instead
C. they can import oil to meet their needs
D. they will move towards the energy crisis
69. The paragraph following this passage will most probably discuss
A. how to use other forms of energy which have been known
B. how to pass the energy crisis to be faced
C. how to import other forms of energy being faced
D. how to cover the shortage of energy being faced
70. What does "ample" mean?
A. abundant B. little C. oil D. scanty
六、作文（15 ）分（不少与120 个字）
Title: Why do I want to be a student of Peking University?
You are to write three Paragraphs:
1. In the first paragraph slate dearly your viewpoint
2. In the second paragraph support your viewpoint with derails or examples
3. In the last paragraph bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary
英语答案（2000）
1 B 11 A 21 B 31 A
2 D 12 D 22 C 32 B
3 B 13 C 23 A 33 A
4 A 14 C 24 B 34 C
5 B 15 B 25 B 35 B
6 A 16 C 26 A 36 C
7 D 17 D 27 B 37 A
8 C 18 A 28 C 38 D
9 C 19 D 29 A 39 B
10 A 20 A 30 C 40 B
41 C 51 C 61 B
42 A 52 B 62 A
43 D 53 C 63 A
44 B 54 C 64 C
45 A 55 A 65 A
46 C 56 C 66 C
47 C 57 D 67 A
48 C 58 B 68 D
49 C 59 A 69 A
50 C 60 D 70

小测验
选择填空
1、爱护 保护 爱惜 珍惜
（1）汽车向我冲过来的时候，他用自己的身体（ ）了我。
（2）人人都应该（ ）国家财产。
（3）这台电视机很贵，你应该（ ）它。
（4）人的生命是有很的，所以应该（ ）它。

2、保持 维持 坚持 维护。
（1）警察在马路中间（ ）着秩序。
（2）老周做了几十年的保卫工作，从来都（ ）原则。
（3）军人的任务就是（ ）国家的独立，安全和领土的完整。
（4）生活越来越好了，但他还（ ）着以前走路上班的习惯。

3、变成 成为 形成
（1）从打工仔（ ）老板，小张挺得意的。
（2）努力学习的风气在我们班（ ）了。
（3）下雪不能（ ）你不上班的理由。

4、表达 表现 表示 显示
（1）玛丽的衣着很不错，（ ）出一种风度。
（2）他（ ）一定要考上名牌大学。
（3）他很激动，没法（ ）自己的心情。
（4）王小明的（ ）很好，电子公司决定聘用他

英语试题 (1999)
一、 找出划线部分读音不同于组内其它划线部分读音的单词（8分）
1. A chairs B hens C waiters D bags
2. A loose B wood C boot D foot
3. A chance B plane C change D danger
4. A fix B exercise C examine D excuse
5. A same B visit C six D sister
6. A thought B house C round D mount
7. A degree B angry C energy D agree
8. A dear B fear C ear D heard
二、选出词意最接近划线部分的单词或词组（10分）
9. Now let's go over our lesson again.
A go on doing B go on with C study D review
10. He keeps silent on that matter.
A smiles B shouts C says nothing D crys
11. My mother made up her mind to learn another foreign language,
A decided B prepared C had an idea D arranged
12. Could you do me a favour, please, and change this note for me?
A agree with me B support C be kind to me D help me
13. This is a true story.
A real B interesting C wonderful D cruel
14. I heard from my sister yesterday.
A listened B got a letter from C saw D got a calif rom
15. It's a very diffcult Job for him.
A easy B hard C nice D good
16. Will you feed cat for me.
A play with B give food to C help D send for
17. Today, we'll learn lesson twelve.
A twelve lesson B twelveth lesson
C the twelveth lesson D thelvelfth lesson
18. He caught a cold because of yesterday's rain.
A was cold B became cold C died D had ac old
19. He was worn out after the race.
A worried B carried away C disappointed D tired out
20. Thee is hardly any difference between the two maps.
A almost not B not C much D some
三、单项填空（20分）
21. I have a lot of of my childhood
A photoes B photo C photo's D photos
22. He thinks more of than of himself.
A theother B others C another D other
23. There is only water left in the bottle.
A little B a little C few D a few
24. China is larger than country in Africa.
A any other B all the other C any D the other
25. The letter is sent by
A a friend of my father B my father friend's
C a friend of my father's D my father friend
26. We had hardly started dinner the guest came m.
A than B when C that D as soon as
27. Mary the piano when I arrived.
A play B plays C was playing D played
28. She the piano since she was a child.
A played B has played C have played D had played
29. She is worried your health.
A with B of C about D for
30. It is difficult to tell the difference these two words.
A in B among C between D for
31. Let's go finishing ?
A will you B shall we C won'tl D are we
32. His bicycle is not so expensive as .
A me B I C min3 D my's
33. I still remember the place our class once did some field work.
A there B where C which D when
34. Hello, are you German or America?
A a; an B an; a C an; an D a; a
35. This is the material in the lab next Monday.
A tested B is tested C will be tested D has been tested
36. The doctor .
A has taken; listened B had taken; listened
C took; had listened D took; listened
37. lf be it, the idea would never have entered her bead,
A had not said B have not said C had said D have said
38. He came to the party without
A be invited B being invited C was invited D were invited
39. It was at the station I met your brother yesterday.
A where B when C that D whom
40. Li asked me with him.
A to go fish B go fishing C to go fishing D goes fishing
三、阅读理解 (30 分)
An Advertisement
A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers, "Last week," said he, "my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in advertising, but didn't get it back.."
"How did you write your advertisement? asked one of the listeners, a merchant.
"Here it is," said the man, talking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The offer man took it and read, "Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street."
"Now ,"said the merchant, "I often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance. Let us try for your umbrella again. and if it fails, I'll buy you anew one."
The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote: "If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn't wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known."
This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve unbrellas of all sizes and colours that had been thrown in, and his own was among the number. Many of them had nines fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter.
l. According to the first advertisement, anyone who would receive ten shillings.
A. found the umbrella B. gave a message
C. left file umbrella at No. 10 Broad Street D. left the umbrella m the City
2. The result of file first advertisement was that .
A. the man got his umbrella back B, the man wasted some money advertising
C. nobody found the missing umbrella
D. the umbrella was found somewhere near the church
3, A merchant asked .
A. when he lost his umbrella B. how he wrote his advertisement
C. where he lost his umbrella D. what he did after losing his umbrella
4. The merchant suggested that the man should
A. buy a new umbrella B. go on looking for his umbrella
C. write another and better advertisement D. report to the police
5. Why did the merchant say "1 often advertise and find that it pays me well"?
A. He knew how to advertise. B. He had more money for advertising.
C. He found it easy to advertise
D. He had a friend in the newspaper where he advertised.
6. "lf it fails, I'll buy you a new one" suggested that
A. He was quite sure of success
B, He was not sure he would get the umbrella back
C. He was rich enough to afford a new umbrella
D. He did not know what to go
7. Did the merchant know who had taken the umbrella?
A. Sure. B. Not very sine. C. Not at all. D. Probably.
8. This is a story about
A. a useless advertisement
B. how to make an effective advertisement
C. how the man lost and found his umbrella
D. what the merchant did for the umbrella owner
Wit Can Gain a Breakfast
Pat O’Burke was a poor Irishman with a large family, and one morning, waking up very early from cold and hunger, he decided to go shooting in a wood near his cottage. The wood belonggd to Lord Northwood, a rich gentleman, Pat had no right to go there, but in it there were swarms of rabbits and flocks of birds that were good to eat, Pat determined to take the risk. Suddenly he saw the owner, with a group of friends, coming towards him in the wood. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face as he caught sight of the gun in Pat's hands. Pat's heart sank with fear, but he saw there was no hope of eascape, so he walked boldly up to the company and .said to Lord Northwood," Good morning, sir, and what has brought you out so early this morning? Lord Northwood, rather surprised, said he and his Mends were taking a little exercise to get an appetite for their breakfast. Then, looking at Pat with suspicion, he said, "but why are you out so early m
the morning? "Well, sir" said Pat, "I just came out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite. "The whole crowed burst into laughter at Pat's ready wit, and with a smile Lord Northwood walked on, leaving Pat to try his luck with the rabbits.
1. This is a stray about .
A. a rich man who owned a big wood
B. a poor Irishman who lived all by himself
C. a clever man who tried to get something to eat for his breakfast
D. an Irish hunter with a large family
2. One morning Pat went to a wood .
A. to get a little exercise B. to take in some fresh air
C. hoping to get something to eat D. to visit the rich owner
3. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face. Why?
A. He was not expecting Pat at this early hour.
B. He knew Pat was coming for shooting.
C. He didn't like the poor Irishman at all.
D. Pat had not told him he would come.
4. Why was Lord Northwood surprised?
A. He had not expected such a bold question from Pat.
B. He wondered why Pat didn't nm away.
C. Pat wasn't afraid of him.
D. Pat had a gun in his hands.
5. Pat's made the whole crowd burst into laughter.
A. funny looks B. interesting remarks
C. quick and witty response D. promise to leave fight away
6. In the end Lord Northwood 。
A. ordered Pat out of the wood B. warned Pat against shooting
C. left Pat alone in the wood D. asked Pat to join them
7. It was because of his that Pat was left to try his luck.
A. boldness B calmness C. quickness of mind D. obedience
五、完形填空（15分）
Mike Johnson needs a car. He 1 looking for one for three weeks. This morning his friend
Jack Evans phoned him to tell him about a very good 2 car. It was a sports car. He said he 3
it at a garage 0 in North London. Mike asked Jack where 4 . Jack told him that it was near Barnet underground station. Mike wanted to know how 5 it was. Jack said that it 6 about ￥4,000. Jack thought that Mike 7 afford that price ; he knew that Mike 8 a lot of money in Canada.
Mike phoned Penny straight away. He knew she was not on work that day. She was 9 holiday. He 10 her ff she wanted to look at the car with him. Penny asked why he 11 in a sports car. She wanted him to buy a bigger, 12 car.
But Mike was afraid that he had not 13 money for a better car. He said that she 14 go and meet him at Barnet underground station 15 an hour.
I. A. has been B. had been C. is D. was
2. A. first-hand B. second-hand C. third-hand D. new
3. A. saw B. sees C. has seen D. had seen
4. A. was the garage B. is the garage C. the garage was D. the garage is
5. A. many B. much C. big D. new
6. A. costed B. costs C. cost D. was costing
7. A. could B. can C. may D. -might
8. A. has saved B. had saved C. saved D. saves
9. A. for B. on C. in D. at
I0. A. told B. said to C. asked D. ordered
11. A. is interesting B. was interesting C. is interested D. was interested
12. A. more expersive B. more comfortable C. cheaper D. faster
13. A. many B. much C. enough D. a lot of
14. A. had better B. would better C. must D.
15. A. in B. after C. within D. for
六、作文(15分)
王明是北京大学一年级的学生，宿舍外有一建筑工地，日夜施工，噪音很大。假设你是王明，请用英文给校长写一封信，要求改善环境，至少提出一点建设。（120字左右）
Wang Ming is a freshman of Peking University. There is a construction area beside his dormitory. It makes lound noises for constructing every day and night. Suppose you were Wang Ming. Please write a letter in English to the president of Peking University for improving this condition. You must offer two suggestions.
英语答案（1999）
(一) 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D
（二） 1.D 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. D 11.D 12. A
(三) 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. C
(四) 1. C2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. C
(五) 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B II~D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. A
（六）
April 17, 1999
Dear President:
I'm a freshman of Peking University. My name is Wang Ming. The beautiful scenery of our University impresses me deeply. I like it very much. But now, ['m in trouble. There is a construction site beside our dormitory. It makes loud noises every day and night. We can't not study and sleep well. I hope this condition can be changed. I have two suggestions for this. First, please only construct at the daytime, so that it will guarantee our study and sleep at night. Second,
I wonder if it is possible that postpone file processing of construction to summer vacation.
Thank you very much. Any consideration will be highly appreciated!

Yours sincerely
Wang Min

전에도 말했지만, 본의 아니게 강의하러 청도에 가게 되었습니다. 강의라고 부르기도 뭐하고, 설명회라고 하기도 뭐한, 조금은 애매한 것이긴 하지만 가게되었습니다. 교통비와 숙박비 준다니까 여행인셈 치고 갔다 오겠습니다.

솔직히 말하자면, 이번에 수술한 여친님이 저를 애타게 기다리는데 청도에 가는 문제로 한국을 못가고 있습니다. 그 수술이라는게 제 동생도 받았던 것인데, 동생 수술할때는 그리 걱정되지 않았는데 말입니다. 물론 그 수술때 동생이 난리쳐놓은 일을 수습하느라 조금 정신이 없어서 그랬는지도 모르겠습니다. 그래도 별 수 있습니까? ㅠㅠ 원래 부탁을 거절 못하는 성격을 어떻게 할 수도 없고 말입니다.


북경대학교qna의 명예?!와 북경대생의 명예?!를 (그런게 있기는 했는지 상당히 의심스럽지만) 지키며 열심히 노력해봐야겠죠. 학부모님들과 1:1 면담이나 상담은 많았지만, 이런 경우는 처음이군요. 심장이 조금은 콩딱콩딱~ 하고 있답니다^^



아! 청도는 21일날 갑니다. 그 날은 청도에 원래 알던 녀석들이랑 놀고, 22일날 오후에 강의있고, 23일날 다시 북경으로 돌아옵니다. 그 동안 근 3개월동안 끄지 않았던 컴터에게 잠시의 휴식의 시간을 주려합니다. 포스팅은 이미 예약이 다 되어있습니다.-_-V (하루 기본 3개-_-++ 후훗--)


그럼 갔다오겠습니다. 여친님아^^ 좀만 기둘려~~ 댕겨올게~~~

小测验
一、选择填空
1、薄弱 脆弱 懦弱 软弱
（1）别人打他时，他也不反击，真是太（ ）了。
（2）对敌人的（ ）就是对朋友的伤害。
（3）尽管俩人恋受了两年，但他们的关系仍然很（ ）。
（4）我们的力量（ ），不可能战胜他们。

2、采取 采纳 采用
（1）对工作我一向（ ）积极的态度。
（2）这种电视（ ）新工艺制造而成。
（3）格林的建议很有价值，但领导没有（ ）。

3、成绩 成就 功劳 贡献 事迹
（1）四十年来，中国的经济建设取得了重大的（ ）。
（2）小王很谦虚，从不谈自己的（ ）。
（3）年青人应该为国家为人民做出更多的（ ）。
（4）他抢救落水儿童的（ ）拍成了电影。
（5）只千了两个月，他们就取得了很大的（ ）。

4、充足 充分 充实 充满
（1）老人们的歌声（ ）着热情和力量。
（2）这篇文章内容很（ ）。
（3）在中国学习汉语，各方面的条件都很（ ）。
（4）他辞职的理由不（ ），所以没得到批准

英语试卷（1998）
一、 Choose the word whose pronunciation of the underlined part is different from the
other three in each group: (8%)
找出划线部分读音不同于组内其它划线部分读音的单词：（共8小题，计8分）
1. A. enough B. weight C. neighbor D. although
2. A. bread B. weather C. breath D. weak
3. A. town B. shown C. south D. pronounce
4. A. completed B. planted C. decided D. explained
5. A. smooths B. officers C. scientists D. tables
6. A. suggestion B. attention C. celebration D. composition
7. A. chemistry B. Christmas C. chest D. stomach
8. A. cook B. food C. foot D. wood
二、 Choose a word or phrase that can be used instead of each of the underlined part: (12%)
选出词意最接近划线部分的单词或词组：（共12小题，计12分）
9. After his wife's death he aged quickly.
A. didn't want to live B. died C. became old D. grew up
10. He was the first in the race.
A. defeated B. won C. best D. hit
11. Please drop in when you come to Beijing next time.
A. visit me B. phone me C. write me D. tell me
12. The little girl is very fond of her sister's chocolates.
A. feels a great need for B. feels a love for
C. feels a good idea of D. feels proud of
13. Look out when you cross the street
A. Be calm B. Be brave C. Be quick D. Be careful
14. The little girl is too weak to raise the heavy box.
A. rise B. put C. get D. lift
15. We waited at the airport till the plane had taken off.
A. left the ground B. flown away C. landed D. disappeared
16. She is a very helpful girl.
A. a girl who needs help from others
B. a gift who is very important for others
C. a gift who is willing to help others
D. a gift who feels lonely
17. We decided to delay going on our holidays until next month.
A. put off B. stop C. be late for D. give up
18. I get happiness from listening to music.
A. take pride in B. enjoy C. praise D. admire
19. Lesson Nine is very interesting.
A. Ninth Lesson B. Nineth Lesson
C. The Ninth Lesson D. The Nineth Lesson
20. If he doesn't turn up before noon, we'll have to go without him.
A. getup B. keep up C. hurry D. arrive
三. Multiple Choose: Choose the best answer for each blank. (20%)
单项填空：(20小题, 计20）
21. It is said that the shop will reduce the price of
A. radioes B. radio C. radios D. radio's
22. That woman over there is
A. a friend of my sister B. a friend of my sisters
C. a friend of my sister's D. a friend of sister'
23. She is more beautiful, but healthy than her sister.
A. least B. less C. more D. most
24. These apples taste
A. well B. good C. to be well D. to be good
25. The hero of the story is an artist in his
A. thirtieth B. thirty C. thirty's D. thirties
26. David and Lily good friends.
A. used to be B. used to being C. are used to be D. are used to being
27. Don't hurry. There is still time.
A. few B. little C. a few D. a little
28. Don't smoke in the classroom. ?
A. will you B. do you C. can you D. could you
29. Englishman who could not speak French bought useful
French-English dictionary.
A. An; an B. An; a C. A; an D. A; a
30. The music was loud that you could hear it from miles away.
A. too B. so C. such D. very
31. I'm looking forward to you in the office building.
A. meet B. have met C. met D. meeting
32. Tom and Peter were both very fired. But of them would stop to take a rest.
A. neither B. none C. either D. all
33. He had made his decision and refused his mind.
A. changing B. changed C. to change D. Change
34. __ is still unknown when they are going to inspect the factory.
A. Which B. That C. It D. What
35. We don't know
A. that the students are doing B. that are the students doing
C. what are the students doing D. what the students are doing
36. A harvester is a man is harvesting or a machine we harvest crops.
A. who; by which B. that; which C. that; that D. who; with which
37. David lost his key but now he it.
A. found B. has found C. finds D. is finding
38. It was in 1939 the World War II broke out.
A. when B. which C. that D. how
39. more time, I can do the work better.
A. Given B. Giving C. Tog ire D. Being given
40. You go with me, if you don't want to.
A. needn't to B. don't need didn't need to D. needn't
四、 Reading Comprehension(30%)
阅读理解（共15小题，计30分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
A
Light travels at a speed which is about a million times faster than the speed of sound. In one second, light travels about 300,000 kilometers. But sound travels only 344 meters. You can get some idea of this difference by watching the start of a race if you stand some distance away from the starter. You can see smoke from his gun before the sound reaches your ears.
This great speed of light produces some strange facts. Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach us. If you look at the light of the moon tonight, remember that the light rays (光线) left the moon 1.3 seconds before they reached you. The nearest star is so far away that the light which you can see from it tonight started to travel towards you four years ago at a speed of nearly 2 million kilometers per minute. In some cases, the light from one of tonight's stars started on its journey to you before you were born.
Thus, if we want to be honest, we can't say, "The stars are shining tonight" . We have to say, "The stars look pretty, they were shining four year ago but their light has only just reached the earth."
41. Light speed is than sound speed.
A. million times faster B. a million times slower
C. about millions limes faster D. about a million times faster
42. If you stand 200 meters away from a man who is firing a gun to start a race you will find out that .
A. you can hear the gun before you see the smoke
B. sound does not travel as fast as light
C. the sound of the gun will reach you before the man fires his gun
D. sound travels about a million times faster than light.
43. Sunlight obviously than the light of the moon.
A. has to travel a greater distance B. moves less quickly
C. travels much more quickly D. less powerful
44. The scientific way of saying "The stars are shining tonight" should be.
A. the stars have been shining all the time
B. the stars seen tonight will be shining four years later
C. the stars were shining long ago but seen tonight
D. the starlight seen today could be seen four years ago
45. The light of the nearest star you see tonight has been for years.
A. on the earth B. on the moon C. away from the sun D. away from that star
B
Mr Jackson was tired of living in his old house in the country side and wanted to sell it and buy a better one. He tried to sell it for a long time, but was not successful, so at last he decided to go to an estate agent房产经纪人）.
The agent advertised(登广告) the house straight away, and a few days later, the owner saw a very beautiful photograph of his house, with a wonderful description of his garden in an expensive magazine.
Having read the advertisement through, the house owner hurried to phone the estate agent, saying, "I'm sorry, Mr Jones, but I've decided not to sell my house after ail", "Why?" in a surprised voice the agent asked. "Because from the advertisement in that magazing I can see it's just the kind of house I've wanted to live in all my life."
46. Mr Jackson wanted to sell his house because
A. he needed some money to support his family
B. his house was too old to live in
C. he wanted some money to buy a new one
D. he didn't want to live in the house any longer
47. The reason why Mr Jackson went to the estate agent was
A. he had failed in selling his house by himself
B. he wanted the estate agent to help him to get a good price
C. he was sure that the estate agent could help him
D. he wanted the estate to advertise his house in the magazine
48. At last Mr Jones
A. was successful in selling the house
B. felt sorry to have lost a sale by his doing too good a job
C. was satisfied with what he had done in the advertisement
D．didn’t understand why Mr Jackson had changed his mind
49. Mr Jackson decide not to sell his house because
A. the buyer offered him little money
B. the estate agent wanted too much money
C. he found his house was just the one he wanted to live in
D. he was pleased with the photograph and the description of his house in the magazine
50. What do you think of the advertisement in magazines?
A. They are worth reading
B. They usually make things far better than they really are
C. They are a great help to those who want to buy something
D. They describe things as they really are
C
Strange things happen to time when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four time zones one hour apart. You can have days with more or fewer than twenty-four hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.
If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every days. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. Traveling west, you set your clock back, traveling east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours.
If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you cross the international date line. By agreement, this is the point where a new day begins. When you cross the line, you change your calendar one full day, backward or forward. Traveling east, today becomes yesterday, traveling west, it is tomorrow.
51. Strange things happen to time when you travel because
A. no day really have twenty-four hours.
B. the earth is divided into times zones.
C. time zones are not all the same size.
D. no one knows where time zones begin.
52. The difference in time between zones is
A. seven days B. twenty four hours C. one hour D. more than 7 days
53. If your cross the ocean going east, you set your clock.
A. ahead one hour in each new time zone.
B. ahead one hour for the whole trip.
C. back one full day for each time zone.
D. ahead by twenty-three hours.
54. The international date time is the name for.
A. the beginning of any new time zone.
B. any point where time changes by one hour.
C. the point where a new day begins.
D. any time zone in the Pacific.
55. The best title for this passage is
A. A Trip Across the Atlantic
B. How Time Changes Around the World
C. Crossing the International Date Line
D. How Time Zones Were set up
五、Choose the best answer for each blank to complete the following passage: ( 15% )
完成填空共（15分）
I have always liked going to school. I enjoy learning new things and 56 new people. I was trying think of my school work 57 a challenge (挑战) instead of as an unpleasant duty. My parents have taught me the value 58 a good education and the importance of 59 doing my best.
My father says that school is "the cradle of education. ' I think 60 is true. A 61 school is like a baby who is put into a cradle. There he begins growing in school, the student begins has education, which will continue as long as he lives.
My school is not very large, but I think it is excellent. This year I am studying maths, English, Chinese, science history and geography. 62 college. My teachers are very strict. We study very hard in class and always have homework. I am learning more and more every day . My best grades are in English 63 science. 64. fact, my English teacher is encouraging me 65 my English studies after high school. She is my best and 66 teacher. She always has the time and patience(耐心） to help me when I have questions. I have great respect 67 her.
I believe a good education is one of the most important things a person 68 Although l participate in (参加) many activities 69 of school, my school work always comes first. And if a student has a positive attitude about school, he will enjoy it more and learn more it. In the years to come he will be glad he 70 hard while in "the cradle of education.
56. A. know B. to meeting C. work with D. meeting
57. A. with B. as C. for D. like
58. A. such B. for C. at D. of
59. A. frequent B. always C. continue D. goon
60. A. which B. he C. that D. as
61. A. go to B. study in C. beginning D. off
62. A. as all as B. in order to prepare C. preparing D. to prepare for
633. A. or B. but C. so is D. and
64. A. According B. About C. In D. with
65. A. to continue B. going on C. for D. with
66. A. favoritest B. good C. old D. favorite
67. A. with B. of C. for D. on
68. A. has gained B. can have C. may make D. will bed one
69. A. ought B. outing C. things D. outside
70. A. will study B. studied C. study D. have studied
六, Writing: (15)
Howard Morris is an English student. He wants to be a pen-pal(笔友) of a Chinese
student. Suppose you are Howard Morris, write a letter of about 120 words with the materials
given below.
Howard Morris 是一个英国学生，他想一个中国学生建立笔友联系，假设你是
Howard Moms, 用下面的材料写一封给一个中国学生的信，字数大约120字
CURRICULUM VITAE 履历表
NAME Howard Morris SEX Male STATUS Single
HEAL TH healthy DATE OF BIRTH 22 / 7 / 78
PLACE OF BIRTH Dulwich, London
PRESENT ADDRESS 66 Cambridge street, London,W27. England
FAMILY BSCKGROUND
FATHER: John Moms Engineer Texas Thaker co.
MOTHER: Susan Moms Maths teacher South High School
SISTER: Amis Moms Doctor Central Hospital, London

EDUCATION
1985 - 1991. Fairlawn Primary School
1991 - 1997 South High School
1997 - 1998 Oxford University
HOBBIES
Waterskiing Baseball Cycling
英语答案 (1998)
一、语音（8小题，共8分）
1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. B
二、词汇 ( 12小题，共12分)
9. C 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. D
15. A 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D
三、单项选择（20小题，共20分）
21. C 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D
26. A 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B
31. D 32. A 33. C 34. C 35. D
36. D 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D
四、阅读（15小题，共30分）
41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D
46. D 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. B
51. B 52. C 53. A 54. C 55. B
五、完形填空（共15分）
56. D 57. B 58. B 59. B 60. C
61. C 62. D 63. D 64. C 65. A
66. D 67. C 68. B 69. D 70. D
六、写作（共15分）
My name is Howard Morris. I am a boy-student in Oxford University. I am twenty years old. I have a wonderful family. My father is an engineer, who works in Texas Thaker Co. My mother teaches in South High School in London. She is in change of teaching Maths in that school. I have a sister. Her name is Amis Morris, who works as a doctor.
As a student in England, I would like very much to make you friends so that we may know each other better. And we may share different cultures to promote friendship between our two nations. I am active in sports. My favourate sports are to go waterskiing, to play baseball as well as cycling. I should be very grateful if you would let me know something about yourself. Enclosed in the letter you may find my address,
66 Cambridge street, London, W27. England
I look forward to heating from you soon.

Yours sincerely,
Howard Morri

小测验
一、损害 伤害 损坏 危害
1、孩子的自尊心很容易被（ ）。
2、这伙坏人（ ）着附近居民的安全。
3、他偷书的行为（ ）了大家的名誉。
4、只见柜台上写着“（ ）玻璃，照价赔偿。”

二、所有 一切 整个 全体
1、（ ）教师于11月20日在校医院体检。
2、人民的利益高于（ ）。
3、他把（ ）的衣服都从衣柜里拿了出来。
4、（ ）下午他都在忙着整理材料。

三、闻名 著名 有名 名牌
1、这是一所（ ）的大学。
2、这是一所（ ）大学。
3、颐和园是中外（ ）的公园。
4、这家公司在苏州是很（ ）的。

四、严格 严厉 严肃 厉害 严重
1、年轻的母亲装出一副（ ）的神情，但孩子还是不怕她。
2、这些战士受到了（ ）的训练。
3、这种过于（ ）的场面让我受不了。
4、她的胃疼得（ ），必须巴上去医院。
5、他这样做给公司带来了（ ）的后果

2002年历史试题
一、选择题
1．最早出现在今陕西省境内的人类是
A．元谋人 B．蓝田人 C．半坡人 D．山顶洞人
2．下面哪一历史事件发生在公元前11世纪？
A．夏启家天下 B．盘庚迁殷 C．武王伐纣 D．国人暴动
3.下列所列年代，哪一个是“初税亩”开始实行的年代： ( )
A．公元前841年 B．元前771年 C．公元前594年 D．公元前21年
4.战国时，主张“兼爱”、“非攻”的思想家是： ( )
A．墨子 B．孟子 C．庄子 D荀子
5.向秦始皇建议焚书的是 ( )
A．蒙恬 B．李斯 C．韩非 D．秦二世
6.下列朝代中，都城在洛阳的是 ( )
A.西周 B.西汉 C.西晋 D.西夏
7.下面是西汉时期丝调之路的几个地点，如果从长安出发，瞩一种数字撑列是正确的：( )
(1)长安 (2)今新疆 (3)西亚、大秦 (4)河西走廊
A.(1)(2)(3)(4) B.(1)(4)(2)(3)
C.(1)(2)(4)(3》 D.(1)(3)(4)(2)
8．司马迁的(史记》是中国的： ( )
A.第一部通史 B.第一部编年史 C.第一部纪传体通史 D.第一部断代史
9.北魏是中国北方哪一个民族建立的王朝? ( )
A.匈奴 R鲜卑 C羯 D羌
10．公元383年发生的战役是 ( )
A.官渡之战 B.赤壁之战 C.淝水之战 D.巨鹿之战
11．中国的书法成为一门艺术始于： ( )
A.三国时期 B.东汉末年 C.东晋时期 D.南北朝时期
12．隋朝时台湾叫做( )
A．流求 B.琉球 C.夷洲 D.澎湖
13．唐朝时称印度为( )
A.西域 B.身毒 C.印度 D.天竺
14.在下列古代著名的医生或医学家中，首先使用四珍法的是( )
A.张仲景 B.扁鹊 C.华佗 D.孙思邀
15.回纥是中国哪一民族的祖先( )
A.维吾尔族 B.彝族 C.藏族 D.白族
16．毕升发明活字印刷术比欧洲早了( )
A．1700年 B.800年 C．400多年 D.20O多年
17．火药经由阿拉伯人传入欧洲是在( )
A．隋唐时代 B.宋代 C.元朝 D.明代
18．黄道婆的棉纺织先进技术学自( )
A.白族 B.黎族 C.彝族 D.山越族
19.下列农学著作中，哪一部介绍了欧洲的水利方法? ( )
A.<<农政全书>> B.<<农桑辑要>> C.<<齐民要术>> D.<<天工开物>>
20．军机处是哪位皇帝开始设置的? ( )
A.明太祖 B.康熙帝 C.雍正帝 D.明成祖
2L《资政新篇》的作者是( )
A.洪秀全 B.李秀成 C.洪仁拜 D.曾国藩
22．下列各项中，与洋务运动无关的是( )
A.引进西方一些近代生产技术 B.刺激了中国资本主义的发展
C建立近代化的国家政治制度 D.对外国经济侵略作了些抵制
23．台湾正式建立行省是在( )
A．1883年 B．1885年 C．1893年 D.1895年
24.近代史上赔款最多的不平等条约是( )
A.《北京条约》 B.《马关条约》 C《辛丑条约》 D《南京条约》
25．孙中山概括的“三民主义”是( )
A．民族、民主、民权三大主义 B．民主、民生、民权三大主义
C．民族、民权、民生三大主义 D．民主、民族、民生三大主义
26．清朝统治结束于
A．1894年 B．1905年 C．1911年 D．l912年
27．1915年、在云南领导起义并宣布云南独立的人不包括
A．蔡锷 B．黄兴 C．李烈钧 D．唐继尧
28．“诗界革命’的口号出现于
A．鸦片战争期间 B．洋务运动期间 C．戊戌变法期间 D．辛丑革命时间
29．阐述“师夷长技以制夷，，这一新思想的著作是
A．《四洲志》 B．《海国图志》 C《瀛环志略》 D《康蝤纪行》
30．中国第一个共产主义小组的创建者是
A．陈独秀 B毛泽东 C李大钊 D董必武
31．中国近代史上历时最长的工人罢工运动是
A．五洲运动 B．省港大罢工 C．京汉铁路工人大罢工 D．“五•二0血案”
32．“一二•九”运动发生在
A1927年 B．1931年 C．1935年 D．1936年
33．1945年8月国共两党重庆谈判，签订的协定是
A双十协定 B．共同纲领 C．国内和平协定 D．停战协定
34．中国大陆最后一个获得解放的省区是
A．云南 B．新疆 C．内蒙古 D．西藏
35．1959年庐山会议上遭到错误批判的是
A．刘少奇 B．彭德怀 C．邓小平 D．周恩来
36．下列事件的先后顺序是
(1)万隆会议 (2)中华人民共和国恢复在联合国的合法席位 (3)中美建交
A．(1)(2)(3) B．(2)(1)(3) C．(3)(2)(1) D．(1)(3)(2)
37．“天安门事件，发生在
A．1972年 B．1976年 C．1978年 D．1981年
38．被誉为“两弹元勋”的科学家是
A．钱学森 B．邓稼先 C．哀隆乎 D。赵忠尧
29．“一国两制’的提出是在
A．1972年 B．1975年 C．l978年 D．1979年
40．〈〈中国史纲要〉〉的作者是
A．范文澜 B．郭沫若 C．翦伯赞 D．侯外庐
41．1519--1,522年进行环球航行的是
A．迪亚土 B．达•伽马 C．哥伦布 D．麦哲伦
42．下列条文出自哪份文件；“国王无权废除或停止法律的执行；不经议会同意，国王不能征税，
不能在和平时期维持常备军；”
A．卢梭的社会契约论 B．英国的权利法案
C．美国的独立宣言 D．法国的人权宣言
43．1792年8月10日巴黎人民武装起义最重要的成果是
A．推翻了君主政体 B．取得了瓦尔密战役的胜利
C．召开了普选的国民公会 队建立了法兰西第一共和国
44．滑铁卢战役发生的时间是
A．1807年 B．1812年 C．1813年 D.1815年
45．下列关于拉丁美洲独立革命的提法中，不正确的是
A.海地是拉丁美洲第一个独立的国家 B.多洛雷斯的呼声发生在1810年
C．巴西于1812年摆脱了葡萄牙的殖民统治 D.革命的对象都是西欧殖民统治者。
46．19世纪初期，第一次资本主义经济危机爆发在
A.英国 B．美国 C.法国 D．意大利
47．《共产党宣言》发表于
A．1847年 B．1848年 C．1852年 D．1861年
48．下列哪种说法是正确的：在1857--1859年的印度民族起义中
A.印度士兵是起义军的主力 B．国民大会党起了领导作用
C.德里是全国起义的中心 D．英王代替东印度公司统治印度
49．德国通过“铁血政策”完成了统一，第三次王朝战争是同哪个国家进行的?
A．奥地利 D．意大利 C.法国 D.丹麦
50.下列事件的先后顺序是
(1)朝鲜义兵运动 (2)埃塞俄比亚的抗意斗争
(3)墨西哥资产阶级革命 (4)苏丹马赫油反英大起义
A．(4)(2)(1)(3) B.(1)(2)(3)(4) C.(4)(2)(3)(1) D.(1)(3)(4)(2)
51.在华盛顿会议上签订的关于中国问题的条约是
几凡尔赛和约 B．五国海军协定 C.九国公约 D.四国协定
52．下列哪种说法是正确的：根据1931年的威斯敏斯特法，英国
A.承认爱尔兰南部26郡享有自治权 B.放松了对自治领的政治控制
C削弱了与自治领的经济联系 D．允许各自治领脱离英帝国
53．通过实行新经济政策决议的会议是
A.俄共(布)“十大” B．俄共(布)“十二大”
C.俄共(布)“十四大” D.俄共(布)“十五大”
54．罗斯福新政的实施时间是
A．1929年 B．1933年 C.1936年 D.1940年
55．太平洋战争的转折点是
A.日德兰梅战 B。珍珠雄战役 C.阿拉曼战役 D.中途岛战役
56.明确规定台湾必须归还中国的国际会议是
A.德黑兰会议 B.开罗会议 C.华盛顿会议 D．雅尔塔会议
57．杜鲁门主义的实质是
A.与苏联争夺世界霸权 B.推备发动侵略朝鲜的战争
C.帮助欧洲走向复兴之路 D.干涉世界各国内政
58.《华沙条约》签订的时间是
A.1947年 B．1949年 C．1955年 D．1957年
59.英国被迫同意印度独立的时间是
A.1947年 B.1949年 C．1950年 D．1951年
60.非洲第一个独立的国家是
A.纳米比亚 B．埃及 C.利比亚 D.埃塞俄比亚
二、名词解释(每题5分，共约分)
1、甲骨文
2、“—•二九”运动
3、俄国1861年改革
4、国际联盟
三、问答(每题19分，共20分)
l、 简述张骞，班超通西域的过程和作用。
2、 简述罗斯福新政的主要内容和评

小测验
一、深刻 深入 深厚 深度
1、只有（ ）到群众中去，才能了解群众的真实思想。
2、他这篇文章有思想（ ）。
3、这次交通事故给了他一个（ ）的教训。
4、这些学生掌握了（ ）的基础知识。

二、时代 时期 年代 阶段
1、我们生活在一个改革的（ ）中。
2、在现今这个（ ），男女越来越平等。
3、青少年正是长身体、学知识的（ ）。
4、这次研究工作已经到了最后（ ）。

三、事情 事件 事故 事变
1、大楼着火是小孩子玩火引起的（ ）。
2、发生重大（ ）时，最忙的是记者。
3、他对我讲了很多他和他家里人的（ ）。
4、著名的“西安（ ）”就发生在这里。

四、顺利 顺利 顺便 顺路
1、他一边说一边（ ）把桌子上的词典递给我。
2、我去看王老师，（ ）也去看了张老师、李老师。
3、王京回家时（ ）去图书馆借了几本书。
4、他（ ）地通过了毕业考试

2001年历史试题
（说明：本试卷满分100分，时间120分钟。所有答案都要与在答题纸上，否则不予记分。）
一、选择题（每题1分，共60分）
1．殷墟在今天的 （ ）
A．河南安阳 B．河南洛阳 C．河南郑州 D．陕西西安
2．下面这些历史人物中，哪位是一个朝代的开国君主 （ ）
A．禹 B．汤 C．周文王 D．齐桓公
3．战国时期儒家的代表人物是 （ ）
A．墨子、孟子 B．荀子、孟子 C．韩非子、孟子 D．庄子、韩非子
4．下列史实中属于西汉时期的是 （ ）
A．文景之治 B．光武中兴 C．贞观之治 D．开元盛世
5．张？通西域是在 （ ）
A．公元前3世纪 B．公元前2世纪 C．公元2世纪 D．公元3世纪
5．张骞通西域是在 ( )
A．公元前3世纪 B．公元前2趾纪 C．公元2世纪 D．公元3世纪
6．秦始皇兵马佣出土于今天的 ( )
A．陕西临潼 B．陕西西安 C．河南洛阳 D．陕西咸阳
7．官渡之战的时间是 ( )
A．200年 B．208年 C．22年 D．222年
8．三国时台湾叫做 ( )
A．流求 B琉球 C．夷洲 D．澎湖
9．隋朝建立的时间是 ( )
A．581年 B．589年 C．2605年 D．618年
10．吐蕃是中国哪一民族的祖先? ( )
A．维吾尔族 B．彝族 C．藏族 D．白族
11．唐朝时到天竺研究佛经的是 ( )
A．鉴真 B．阿倍仲麻吕 C玄奘 D．僧一行
12．唐朝医学家孙思邈的著作是： ( )
A．《千金方》 B．《伤寒杂病论》 C．《本草纲目》 D．《内经》
13．北宋初期的纸币交子最早出现在 ( )
A．景德镇 B．四川 C．泉州 D．洛阳
14．元朝时直接负责管辖台湾的机构是 （ ）
A．行中书省 B．中书省 C．宣政院 D．澎湖巡检司
15．1271年，忽必烈改蒙古国号为元，定都 （ ）
A．东京 B．大都 C．上京 D．临安
16．下列各项表述中，不正确的是 （ ）
A．唐朝末年火药开始用于军事 B．北宋毕升发明活宇印刷术
C．南宋时罗盘针开始用于航海 D．元朝时中国火药传到欧洲
17．明成祖迁都北京的时间是 （ ）
A．1368年 13．1421年 C．1449年 D．1616年
18．明代的长城东起鸭绿红，西到 （ ）
A．陇西 B．嘉峪关 C．山海关 D．河套
19．《天工开物》的作者是 ( ）
A．张衡 B．郭守敬 C．沈括 D．宋应星
18．清朝的疆域东北到 （ ）
A．黑龙江以北的外兴安岭和库页岛． B．西泊利亚
C．长城 D．巴尔喀什湖北
21．《海国图志》的作者是 （ ）
A．魏源 B．林则徐 C．姚莹 D．康有为
22．火烧圆明园的是 ( )
A．八国联军 B．英法联军 C．德军 D．沙俄军队
23．1862年，率军分二路进攻太平军的清朝官员是 ( )
A．奕诉 B．荣禄 C．曾国藩 D．琦善
24．洋务派创办的第一家民用企业是 （ ）
A．江南制造总局 B．海轮船招商局
c．福州船政局 D．安庆军械所
25．镇南关大捷发生在 （ ）
A．第一次鸦片战争 B．第二次鸦片战争
C．中法战争 D．甲午中闩战争
26．台湾行省的首任巡抚是 （ ）
A．刘铭传 B．李鸿章 C．冯子才 D．丁汝昌
27．清军将领邓世昌和林永升殉国的战役是 （ ）
A．平壤战役 B．黄海海战 C．辽东半岛战役 D．威海卫战役
28．下列各项中，哪一项不属于美国提出的“门户开放”照会的内容？ （ ）
A．美国承认各国在华的势力范围和特权
B．在其他各国的势力范围内，美国享有均等的贸易机会
C．划定北京东交民港为“使馆界”，允许千国派兵保护

D．要求中国内地全部开放，使列强都享有投资权利
29．《猛回头》与《警世钟》的作者是 （ ）
A．章炳麟 B．邹容 C．黄兴 D．陈天华
30．护法运动的斗争对象是 （ ）
A．袁世凯 B．段祺瑞 C．张勋 D．黎元洪
31．中国近代史上代表资产阶级文化的“新学”兴起于 （ ）
A．19世纪初 B．19世纪七八十年代 C．19世纪九十年代 D．20世纪初
32．最早提出“民主”和“科学”口号是
A．李大钊 B．胡适 C．蔡元培 D．陈独秀
33．下列事件发生的先后顺序是（ ）
（1）一二•九运动 （2）西安事变 （3）百团大战 （4）七•七事变
A．（1）（2）（3）（4） B．（4）（3）（2）（1）
C．（2）（3）（4）（1） D．（1）（2）（4）（3）
34．台儿庄战役中，中国军队的指挥者是（ ）
A．李宗仁 B．张自忠 C．蔡廷锟 D．蒋光鼐
35．率军开辟大别山解放区的是（ ）
A．刘伯承、邓小平 B．陈赓 C．陈毅、粟裕 D．林彪
36．新中国外交政策成熟的标志是（ ）
A．1949年《共同纲领》中宣布的原则 B．和平共处五项原则的提出
C．1955年提出的“求同存异”方针 D．70年代表成的关于三个世界划分的理论
37．中国第一颗原子弹试验爆炸成功是在（ ）
A．1956年 B．1964年 C．1967年 D．1968年
38．中国提出“求同存异”的外交方针是在
A．1954年日内瓦会议 B．亚非万隆会议 C．开罗会议 D．第26届联合国大会
39．中国在联合国合法席位的恢复是在（ ）
A．1954年 B．1955年 C．1971年 D．1972年
40．《中华人民共和国义务教育法》的颁布是在（ ）
A．1978年 B．1983年 C．1984年 D．1986年
41．16世纪早期，主要在美洲进行殖民扩张的国家是（ ）
A．英国 B．法国 C．葡萄牙 D．西班牙
42．1688年政变后成为英国国王的是（ ）
A．查理二世 B．詹姆士一世 C．詹姆士二世 D．威廉
43．1814年，发明火车机车的是（ ）
A．史蒂芬孙 B．富尔敦 C．瓦特 D．阿克莱特
44．18世纪中期世界上最大的殖民国家是（ ）
A．法国 B．英国 C．西班牙 D．葡萄牙
45．美国独立战争的转折点是（ ）
A．波士倾茶事件 B．来克星顿枪声 C．萨拉托加大捷 D．约克镇战役
46．下列事件的先后顺序是（ ）
1．瓦尔密大捷 2．热月政变 3．雾月政变 4．法兰西第一帝国建立
A．（1）（2）（3）（4） B．（2）（3）（4）（1）
C．（1）（3）（2）（3） D．（4）（3）（2）（1）
47．法兰西第二帝国的建立者是（ ）
A．罗伯期庇尔 B．路易•波拿巴 C．路易十六 D．拿破仑
48．发生于1848—1852年的起义是（ ）
A．伊朗巴布教徒起义 B．中国太平天国起义 C．印度民族起义 D．阿富汗人民反英起义
49．19世纪中叶被称为“三都”的3个日本城市是（ ）
A．江户、大坂、京都 B．江户、大坂、神户
C．大坂、京都、神户 D．江户、京都、神户
50．历史上第一个无产阶级政权是（ ）
A．共产国际 B．正义者同盟 C．共产主义者同盟 D．巴黎公社
51．“三国协约”中的三国是（ ）
A．德、奥、意 B．英、法、俄 C．英、法、德 D．德、奥、俄
52．朝鲜义兵运动发生于（ ）
A．1881—1899 B．1905—1908 C．1907—1911 D．1910—1917
53．1914年7月28日第一次世界大战爆发时的宣战国是（ ）
A．德国向英国宣战 B．德国向塞尔维亚宣战
C．奥匈帝国英法宣战 D．奥匈帝国向塞尔维亚宣战
54．1918年柏林工人、士兵起义的领导者是（ ）
A．德国共产党 B．社会民主党 C．斯巴达克团 D．独立社会民主党
55．1921年后，英国的正式国名为（ ）
A．大英帝国 B．大不列颠王国
C．大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国 D．大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
56．苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟成立时，加盟的共和国是（ ）
A．乌克兰、外高加索、白俄罗斯、俄罗斯
B．俄罗斯、白俄罗斯、乌克兰、立陶宛
C．外高加索、乌克兰、白俄罗斯、爱沙尼亚
D．外高加索、白俄罗斯、俄罗斯、格鲁吉亚
57．墨索里尼建立法西斯政权是在（ ）
A．1919年 B．1922年 C．1923年 D．1936年
58．世界反法西斯战争中下述四个事件的时间顺序是（ ）
（1）慕尼黑阴谋 （2）珍珠港事件 （3）不列颠之战 （4）阿拉曼战役
A．（3）（4）（1）（2） B．（1）（4）（3）（2）
C．（3）（1）（4）（2） D．（1）（3）（2）（4）
59．决定在欧洲开辟第二战场的国际会议是（ ）
A．德黑兰会议 B．开罗会议 C．华盛顿会议 D．雅尔塔会议
60．宣布“《开罗宣言》之条件必须实施”的文件是（ ）
A．“波茨坦公告” B．《大西洋宪章》 C．《北大西洋公约》 D．《华沙条约》
二、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）
1、 北魏孝文帝改革



2、 洋务派


3、《权利法案》



4、杜鲁门主义


三、问答（第题10分，共20分）
1． 试述戊戌变法的失败原因、历史意义。


2． 简述新航路开辟的原因、条件及经过。

小测验
一、培养 培育 教育 养成
1、科学家们（ ）出了西瓜新品种。
2、从小就应该（ ）孩子独立的能力。
3、她常常（ ）孩子要做好人。
4、大学生活使王强（ ）了睡懒觉的坏习惯。

二、情形 情景 状况 状态
1、她常常回忆起和男朋友第一次见面的（ ）。
2、她当时的（ ）真是糟糕透了，又没有亲人又没有钱。
3、现在中国的经济（ ）跟二十年相比已经大不一样了。
4、比赛时，他的精神（ ）不好，输给了对手。

三、庆祝 祝贺 祝愿
1、他们结婚，我送去一束花表示（ ）。
2、大家（ ）新婚夫妇生活幸福。
3、去年我们（ ）了反法西斯战争胜利五十周年。

四、擅长 善长 特长 拿手
1、她很（ ）说服别人。
2、这个孩子在体育方面有（ ）。
3、说相声是他的（ ）好戏。
4、他不是很（ ）做饭，插花吗？

五、缺少 缺乏
1、对这个问题我们还（ ）足够的认识。
2、阳光、空气和水都是树生长不可（ ）的

2000年历史试题
(说明：本试卷满分100分，时间120分钟。所有答．案都要写在答题纸上，否则不予记分。)
一、选择题(每题1分，共60分)；
1、中国最早进入母系氏族公社的是： ( )
A．北京人 B．山顶洞人 C、河姆镀氏族 D、半坡氏族
2、传说中的“大禹治水”发生在： （ ）
A．黄帝时 B、尧时 C、炎帝时 D、舜时
3．夏朝国家形成的标志是； （ ）
A、出现了阶级分化 B、实行王位世袭制 C、出现了财产私有 D、出现了文字
4．商朝手工业主要的生产部门是： （ ）
A．青铜制造业 B、纺织业 C、铁器制造业 D、陶器制造业
5、春秋时期，实施“初税亩”的诸候国是： （ ）
A．宋国 B、秦国 C、晋国 D、鲁国
6、战国时期，法家的主要代表人物是： （ ）
A．庄子 B、墨子 C、孙子 D、韩非子
7、秦王朝崩溃的决定性战役是： （ ）
A．牧野之战 B、城濮之战 C、巨鹿之战 D、垓下之战
8、西域归属中央政权始于： （ ）
A、战国时期 B、秦国时期 C、西汉时期 D、东汉时期
9、中国人民发明造纸术是在： ( ）
A、春秋时期 B、战国时期 C、秦朝 D、西汉时期
10、列朝代都城在洛阳的是： ( )
A、秦朝 B、西汉 C、东晋 D、西晋
1l、为南北朝对峙局面的形成奠定了基础的战役是： ( )
A、官渡之战 B、昆阳之战 C．赤壁之战 D、淝水之哉
12、中国的科举制度始于： ( )
A．隋朝 B、唐朝 C、北宋 D、明朝
13、藩镇割据局面出现在： （ ）
A、唐高宗时期 B、唐太宗时期 C、唐玄宗时期 D、唐高相时期
14、“陈桥兵变”后被废掉伪政权： ( )
A、西周 B、北周 C、东周 D、后周
15、世界上最早的纸币出现在： ( )
A、北宋 B、南宋 C、五代 D、元朝
16、被后世尊称为“诗圣”的诗人是： ( )
A、李白 B、杜甫 C、王维 D、白居易
17、1368年，朱元璋在应天称帝，建立明朝，应天是在今天的： ( )
A、杭州 B、南京 C、开封 D、北京
18、改女真为满洲的清朝皇帝是： ( )
A、努尔哈直 B、皇太极 C、康熙帝 D、颇治帝
19、葡萄牙占据中国澳门始于； ( )
A、1517年 B、1553年 C、1661年 D、1898年
20、(红楼梦》一书的作者是： ( )
A、曹雪芹 B、吴承恩 C、施耐庵 D、罗贯中
21、鸦片战争前，清政府开放的通商口岸是： ( )
A、广州 B、上海 C、天津 D、南京
22、最早在中国提出发展资本主义的方案的人是： ( )
A．林则徐 B、魏源 C、洪仁歼 D、姚莹
23、洋务派创办规模最大的近代军事企业是： ( )
A．江南制造总局 B、安庆军械所 C、福州般政局 D、轮船招商局
24、中国近代史上赔款最多的不平等条约是： ( )
A、南京条约 B、北京条约 C、马关条约 D、辛丑条约
25、广州黄花岗起义的领导人是： ( )
A、刘道一 B、熊秉坤 C、黄兴 D、章太炎
2、6、北洋军阀时期，充当日本侵华工具的是： ( )
A．段祺瑞 B、黎元洪 C、冯国璋 D、张勋
27、《天演论》一书的中译者是： ( )
A、李善兰 B、华蘅芳 C、严复 D、徐寿
28、五四运动后期，运动的中心是：（）
A、北京B、上海C、天津D、南京
29、1924年，在北京囚禁总统曹锟的是：（）
A、冯玉祥B、张学良C、叶挺D、蒋介石
30、中国共产党独立领导武装斗争开始于：（）
A、北伐战争B、上海工人武装起义C、南昌起义D、秋收起义
31、抗日战争时期，台尔庄战役的指挥者是：（）
A、林彪B、李宗仁C、张自忠D、朱德
32、在平津战役中，和平解放的城市是：（）
A、北平B、天津C、沈阳D、长春
33、运用马克思主义剖析中国古代社会历史的第一部史学著者是：（）
A、《史学要论》B、《中国通史》C、《中国史纲要》D、《中国古代社会研究》
34、赴朝作战的中国人民志愿军令员是：（）
A、彭德杯B、罗瑞卵C、刘柏承D、邓小平
35、新中国成立以来最严重的经济困难时期是：
A、1949-1951年B、1959-1961年C、1962-1964年D、1966-1976年
36、文化大革命“全面发动的标志”是：
A、《新编历史剧<海瑞罢官司>》的发表 B、《五•一六通知》的发表
C、《横扫一切牛鬼蛇神》的发表D《炮打司令部一我的一张大字报》的发表
37、中共十一届三中全会重新确立的思想路线中心，核心是：
A、民主集中制B、改革开放C、解放思想D、实事求是
38、新中国第一次以世界五大国地位参加的国际会议是：（）
A、开罗会议B、亚非万隆会议C、1954年日内瓦会议D、第26届联大
39、被誉为“中国导弹之父”的是：（）
A、钱学森B、邓稼先C、华罗庚D、苏步青
40、香港回归中国的时间是：（）
A、1980年B、1997年C、1991年D、1995年
41、人类历史上发现的第一部成文法典的制定者是：（）
A、大流士B、阿育王C、美尼斯D、汉谟拉比
42、最早使用拉丁字母的是：
A、罗马人B、希腊人C、意大利人D、阿拉伯人
43、伊斯兰教的经典是：
A、《古兰经》B、《圣经》C、《大藏经》D、《金刚经》
44、意大利文艺复兴的先驱是：
A、达•芬奇B、布鲁诺C、但丁D、伽利略
45、世界上第一艘汽船的制造者富尔敦是：
A、英国人B、法国人C、美国人D、德国人
46、美国独立战争是在：
A、1775-1776年B、1776-1781年C、1775-1783年D、1776-1783年
47、法国资产阶级期间处死的国王是：
A、路易十六B、查理十四C、詹姆士一世D、路易•波拿巴
48、俄国历史上的第一个沙皇是：
A、伊凡三世B、伊凡四世C、叶卡特林娜二世D、亚历山大世
49、《共产党宣言》是马克思、恩格斯为哪一组织起草的纲领？
A、共产主义通讯委员会B、正义者同盟C、共产主义者同盟D、国际工人协会
50、美国南北战争爆发的根本原因是：
A、原料的争夺B、奴隶制的存废C、劳动力的争夺D、销售市场的争夺
51、1857-1859年印度民族起义的核心量是：
A、士兵B、农民C、手工业者D、封建王公
52、19世纪中期，首先打开日本“闭关锁国”大门的是：
A、美国B、英国C、法国D、德国
53、率领“红杉军”进占两西西里王国的是：
A、俾斯麦B、加富尔C、加里波第D、威廉一世
54、第一次世界性的资本主义经济危机出现在：
A、18世纪初期B、18世纪中期C、19世纪初期D、19世纪中期
55、美国工业产量跃居世界第一位是：
A、19世纪初期B、19世纪中期C、19世纪末期D、20世纪初期
56、第一个退出第一次世界大战的国家是：
A、意大利B、奥匈帝国C、美国D、俄国
57、下列人物中，最早建立法西斯政权的是：
A、墨索里尼B、佛朗哥C、希特勒D、东条英机
58、德国法西斯军队被迫转入战略御是在：
A、不列颠战役之后B、苏联卫国战争开始之后C、太平洋战争爆发之后D、斯大林格勒战役之后
59、苏联存在的时间是：
A、1917-1991年B、1922-1989年C、1917年-1989年D、1922-1991年
60、1933年，罗斯福新政的突破口是：
A、调整农业政策B、增加公共工程建设是C、整顿财政金融D、扩大对外贸易


二、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）
1、贞观之治
2、“七•七”事变
3、乔治•华盛顿
4、开罗宣言



三、问答（每题10分，共20分）
1、试述辛亥革命的历史功绩。
2、简述彼得一世改革的内容和作用。






2000年历史试题答案
1.B 2.D3.B4.A5.D6.D7.C8.C9.D.10.D11.D12.A13.C14.D15.B16.B17.B18.B19.B
20.A21.A22.C23.A24D.25.C26.A27.C28.B29.A30.C31.B32.A33.D34.A35.B36.B37.D38.C39.A
40.B41.D42.A43.A44.C45.C46.B47.A48.B49.C50.B51.A52.A53.C54.D55.C56.D57.A58.D59.D
60.C

二、名词解释
1、贞观之治：唐太宗统治时期，社会程序比较安定，经济繁荣，国力强盛。唐太宗的年号叫“贞观”，历史上把一时期称为“贞观之治”。
2、“七•七”事件，1937年7月7日，日军进攻宛平城外的卢沟桥，中国军队奋起抵抗“七•七”事变是日本帝国主义发动全面侵华战争的起点，也是中国人民抗日战争爆发的标志。
3、乔治•华盛顿：美国独立战争的著名领导人，被“大陆会议”任命为陆军总司令，他为美国取得独立战争的胜利作出了贡献。美国独立后，他被选为第一任美国总统。
4、开罗宣言：德黑兰会议前夕，中、美、英三国在开罗举行会议，通过了开罗宣言，于1943年12月1日正式发表。宣言规定：日本所窃取中国的领土，如东北、台湾、澎湖列岛等。师还中国。
三、问答：
1、试述辛亥革命的历史功绩。
（1）辛亥革命是中国近代史上一次反帝反封建的资产阶级民主革命。
（2）它推翻了中国存在了两千年的君主制度，建立了资产阶级民主共和国，颁布了反映资产阶级民主精神的临时约法，使人民获得了一些自由和民主权利，在政治上和思想上获得了一定解放。
（3）它使民主共和国的观念深入人心。
（4）打击了帝国主义在中国的殖民统治，为中国民族资本主义的发展创造了有利条件。
2、简述彼得一世改革的内容和作用。
主要内容：（1）仿西欧建立和扩大海军，实行按农户征兵的制度。
（2）派人到西欧学习文化技术，改进军事装备。
（3）鼓励兴办手工工场，准许工场主购买整个村庄的农奴作为劳动力。
（4）推行学校教育，开办各类军事学校，传授军事技术，培养指挥人才。
（5）生活习惯西欧化。
作用：促进了经济发展，加强了军事力量，巩固了贵族、地主和商人的地位，为俄国的进一步侵略扩张奠定了基础

小测验
1、扩大 扩充 扩展 扩散
（1）癌细胞已经（ ）了。
（2）我们工厂准备（ ）生产规模。
（3）随着学生人数的增加，还是得（ ）教师队伍。
（4）市区已向四周（ ）了好几倍了。

2、老实 实在 诚实 忠实 忠诚
（1）他不是个（ ）人，别信他的话。
（2）他这个人很（ ），想什么就说什么。
（3）文艺作品应该（ ）于生活。
（4）老王一生（ ）于山区的教育事业。
（5）一个人的（ ）比名声更重要。

3、使用 运用
（1）一些科学原理常常被（ ）在日常生活中。
（2）我们应该合理（ ）各种自然资源。
（3）这种药副作用大，已经（ ）了。
（4）我们应该学地（ ）先进技术对传统工业进行改造。

4、连续 持续 继续 陆续
（1）关于这个问题的争论（ ）了两年。
（2）列车安全运行了两千天。
（3）过了一条河，汽车（ ）向东驶去。
（4）假期快结束了，同学们（ ）回来了

1999年历史试题
一、选择题(把正确答案的英文字母填入题后的括号内，每题1分，共60分)：
l发现于中国云南元谋的早期人类距今约： ( )
A．170年 B．约80万年 C．约70万年 D．约50万年
2．夏朝的第一个国王是： ( )
久禹 B，启 C．汤 D。桀
3．老子相传的著作是： ( )
丸(论语》 B．{尚书} C{春秋) n{道德经)
4．秦朝的疆域南部到达的地方是： ( )
A．桂林 B．象郡 C南海 D．闽中
5．西汉时社会出现繁荣局面时的皇帝是： ( )
A．汉高祖 B．汉文帝 C．汉景帝 D．汉武帝
6．东汉前期杰出的唯物论思想家是： ( )
A．王充 B．范缜 C．司马迁 D．荀子
7．对形成三国鼎立局面起了决定性作用的战役是： ( )
久官渡之战 B．赤壁之战 C．淝水之战 D．巨鹿之战
8．东晋的著名诗人是： ( )
A．屈原 D．陶潜 C．李白 D．顾恺之
9．581年，杨坚夺取北周政权，建立隋朝，定都： ( )
A．长安 B．洛阳 C．成都 D．建康
10．唐朝的开国皇帝是： ( )
A．唐太宗 B．唐玄宗 C．唐高祖 D．唐高宗
l1．唐朝由强盛走向衰落的转折点是： ( )
A．藩镇割据 B．黄剿起义 C．安史之乱 D．开元盛世
12．被后世尊称为“药王”的唐朝医学家是： ( )
A．扁鹊 B．张仲景 C．华陀 D．孙思邈
13．废掉唐朝最后一个皇帝的人是： ( )
A．朱温 B．赵匡胤 C．石守信 D．元昊
14．1115年，阿骨打称帝建金的地点是： ( )
A．上京 B。东京 C．会宁 D．兴庆
15．元朝时称台湾为： ( )
A．夷洲 B．流求 C．流球 D．琉球
16．指南针应用于航海事业开始于： ( )
A三国 B．北宋 C．南宋 D．元朝
17．明朝建立的时间是 ( 》
A．1368年 B．1417年 C．1616年 D．960年
18．明朝中期，抗击倭寇的民族英雄是 ( )
A．岳飞 B．文天祥 C．戚继光 D．郑成功
19．被称为“中国十七世纪的工艺百科全书”是： ( )
A．《农政全书》 B．《天工开物》 C．《本草纲目》 D．《梦溪笔谈》
20．清朝时期，赐予西藏喇嘛教首领五世达赖“达赖喇嘛’封号的皇帝是： ( ）
A．顺治 B．康熙 C．雍正 n．乾隆
2l．鸦片战争中，在虎门壮烈捐躯的清朝爱国将领是： ( )
A．关天培 B．葛云飞 C．陈化成 D．王锡朋
22．规定外国公使可以进驻北京的条约是： ( )
A．《南京条约》 B．《虎门条约》 C．《北京条约》 D．《天津条约》
23．标志着太平天国初步建立了政权的事件是： ( )
A金田起义 B。东乡称“天王” C．定都天京 D．永安建制
24．洋务派开始掀起洋务运动的时间是： ( )
A．19世纪50年代 B．19世纪60年代
C．19世纪70年代 D．19世纪80年代
25．资产阶级维新派实际上的施政纲领是： ( )
久“公车上书” B，《应诏统筹全局折》 C《变法通议》 D．《资政新篇》
26．华兴会的主要领导人是： ( )
A．孙中山 B．章太炎 C．黄兴 D．刘静庵
27．“二次革命“中，在湖口起义宣布江西独立的是： ( )
A．李烈钧 D．柏文蔚 C．胡权民 D．孙中山
28．“府院之争”反映的矛盾是： ( )
A．冯国璋与段棋瑞 B．曹锟与段棋瑞 C．冯国璋与张作霖 D．黎元洪与段棋瑞
29．“诗界革命”中成绩最大的诗人是： ( 》
九黄遵宪 B．梁启超 C．严复 D．谭嗣同
30．京剧的最终形成时间是： ( )
A．18世纪末 B．19世纪初 C．19世纪中期 D．19世纪末
3L《新青年》的创办人是： ( )
A．胡适 B．鲁迅 C．李大钊 D．陈独秀
32．中国第一个共产主义小组成立的地点是： ( )
A．北京 B．上海 C．长沙 D．，武汉
33．国民党“一大”召开的时伺是： ( )
A．1921年 B．1922年 C．1923年 D．1924年
34．国民政府形式上统一全国的标志是： ( )
A．南京国民政府建立 B．“宁汉合流” C．蒋桂战争结束 D．东北易帜
35．t927年，秋收起义的领导人是： ( )
A．毛泽东 B．周恩来 C．朱德 D．邓小平
36。抗战开始后，中国军队打的第一个胜仗是： ( )
A．平型关战役 B，雁门关战役 C百团大战 D．台尔庄战役
37．1949年中国人民政治协商会议召开的地点是； ( )
A．西柏坡 B．北平 C．重庆 D．延安
38，西藏和平解放的时间是； ( )
A．1949年 B．1950年 C．1951年 D．1952年
39．“文革”中，周恩来主持日常工作是在： ( )
A．“文革”开始后 B．“一月革命”后
C．二月抗争后 D．“九一三”事件后
40．澳门回归中国的时间是： ( )
A．1997年 B．1998年 CA999年 D．2000年
41．古代埃及金字塔建造的鼎盛期是： ( )
A古王国时期 B．中王国时期 C．新王田时期 D．希腊时期
42．汉谟拉比是下列哪个王朝的国王： ( )
A．古巴比伦王国 B．阿卡德王国 C．亚述帝国 D．新巴比伦王国
43、下列哪个国家是第一个地跨欧亚非的大帝国 ( )
A、亚述 B．波斯 C、马其顿 D、罗马
44、古希腊悲剧{被缚的普罗米修斯}的作者是： ( )
A、埃斯库；罗斯 B、阿里斯托芬 C、柏拉图 D、亚里士多德
45、号称41平等人公社”的希腊城邦是 ( )
A、斯巴达 B．雅典 C．科林斯 D、阿哥斯
46、下列著作中哪部是由恺撒所作： ( )
A、《罗马史} B，〈高卢战记》 C《远征记》 O。《自然史》
47、首先提出太阳中心说的是： ， ( ）
A．哥白尼 B．布鲁诺 C、开普勒 D、伽利略
48、下列各点属于权利法案的内容是： ( ）
(1)人生来是自由的，并且在权利上是平等的
(2)不经议会同意，国王不能征税
(3)不经议会同意，国王不能在和平时期维持常备军
(4)议会有权监督大臣的活动
A、（1）(2) B、(2)(4) C、（1）(3) D、(2)(3)
49、来克星顿枪声发生在： ( )
A．1775年4月 B．1776年8月 C．1777年2月 D．1778年1月
50、门罗宣言发布的时间是： ( ）
A．1520年 B．1821年 C．1822年 D．1823年
51、1789年7月14日是下列哪个事件发生的时间： ( ）
A、瓦尔密大捷 B．攻占巴士底狱 C、热月政变 D，滑铁卢铁役
52、俄国1861年改革的推行者是： ( ）
A、彼得一世 B、沙皇亚历山大二世 C．叶卡特林娜二世 D，彼得二世
53、根据{宅地法》，凡美国公民只要交付10美元的手续费，就可以在西部得到多少土地：
( ）
A、30公顷 B．40公顷 C．50公顷 D．64公顷
54、在1857--]859年印度民族起义中，最早爆发起义的地点是： （ ）
A．密拉特 B、勒克瑙 C、德里 D、詹西
55、日本进入帝国主义阶段的特征是： ( )
A、久托拉斯帝国主义 B、高利货帝阻主义
C、带封建性、军事性的帝国主义 D、军事封建帝国主义
56、19世纪末在非洲古有殖民地人口最多的欧洲国家是； ( ）
久英国 B、德国 C、法国 D、比利时
57．提出建立国际联盟的建议的是： ( )
A、罗斯福 B、威尔逊 C、克里盂梭 D、劳和乔治
58．一战后英国政党政治发生了变化： ( )
A、自由党势衰，工党势强 B．工党势衰，自由党势强
C、保守党势强，工党势衰 D．自由党势强，保守党势衰
59．1929—1933年的经济大危机席卷了： ( ）
A、包括苏联在内，的所有国家 B．整个资本主义世界
C、英、法、美等国 D、德、意，日等国
60．”1955年召开的第一次没有西方殖民国家参加的亚非会议的会址是： ( ）
A、开罗 B、新德里 C、万隆 D、加达
二、名词解释(每题5分，共20分)：
1、《资治通鉴》
2、“一’二八”事变
3、明知维新
4．(北大西洋公约}
三、问答(每题10分，共20分)：
1．《辛丑条约》的主要内容及其对中国的危害什么?
2．比较三次科技革命，并谈谈你的认识。
1999年历史答案
一、单项选择
1(A) 2（B） 3(D) 4(c) 5(D) 6（A） 7（B） 8（B） 9（A） 10（C） 11（11）12（D） 13（A）14（C）
15（D） 16（B）17（A） 18（C） 19（B） 20（A） 21（A） 22（D）23（D） 24（B） 25（B） 26(C)
27(A) 28（D） 29(A) 30(C) 31（D）32(B) 33（D） 34(D) 35（A） 36(A) 37（B） 38（C）
39（D） 40(C) 41（A） 42(A) 43（B）44（A） 45（A） 46（B） 47（A） 48(D) 49（A）50（D）
51（B） 52（B）B) 53（D） 54（A） 55（C） 56（A） 57(B) 58（A） 59（B）60(C)
二、名词解释
l、《资治通鉴》
北宋司马光主持编写的编年体通史巨著，近300卷。它按年月顺序，叙述从战国到五代1300多年的历史，总结出许多历史经验教训，供封建统治阶级作政治活动的借鉴，对研究中国古代历史有重要的参考价值。
2、“一•二八”事变：
1932年1月18日，为了扩大对华侵略，日军突然袭击上海。“一•二八”事变爆发。十九路军在爱国将领蔡廷锟、蒋光鼎指挥下，奋起抵抗。但国民政府不支持此次抗战，反而同日本侵略军签定了《淞沪停战协定》，允许日军留驻上海。
3、明治维新：
推翻幕府统治以后建立起来的明治政府，为了巩固以天皇为首的新政权，采取了一系列资产阶级性质的改革措施，如废藩置县，废除土地买卖禁令、关卡和行会制度，实行义务教育等等，史称“明治维新”。它使日本走上了发展资本主义的道路，逐步摆脱民族危机，成为亚洲的强国。
4、《北大西洋公约》
1949年4月，以美国为首的西方12国代表，在华盛顿签定《北大西祥公约》规定“进行集体防御，”当一国遭到“武装袭击”时，其他缔约国应<(采取视必要之行动，包括武力之使用。根据该公约成立的北大西洋公约组织，为一军事政治集团。
三、问答
1、(辛丑条约}的主要内容及其对中国的危害：
1901年，清政府被迫同俄、英等11国签定丧权辱国的《辛丑条约》主要内容有：
(1)清政府赔款白银43亿两，分39年还清，本息共计9.8亿两；
(2)拆毁北京至大沽之间的炮台，允许各国派兵驻守北京到山海关铁路沿线要地；
(3)划定北京东交民巷为“使馆界”，允许各国驻兵保护，不准中国人居住；
(4)惩办义和园运动中参加反帝斗争的官吏，永远禁止中国人民成立或加入反帝性质的组织，对反帝国运动镇压不力的官吏“即行革职，永不录用”；
(5)把总理衙门改为外务部，位居六部之首。
危害：
(1)巨额赔款给中国人民增加了新的沉重负担；
(2)严重损害了中国的主权；
(3)清政府完全变成帝国主义统治中国的工具；
(4)标志着中国半殖民地半封建社会的形成。
2、比较三次科技革命，井淡谈你的认识。
18世纪下半期，开始于英国的工业革命，是近现代史上的第一次技术革命，它以蒸汽机的广泛使用为主要标志；
从l9世纪70年代起，发生了第二次技术革命，它以电力的广泛运用为主要标志；
第二次世界大战后发生在第三次科技革命，是以原子能、电子计算机，微电子技术、航天技术等为主要标志的。
三次科技革命告诉我们，、科学技术是生产力发展的最重要的推动力，科学技术是第一生产力

小测验 10分钟
1减少 降低 减轻
（1）我不知道用什么办法（ ）他的痛苦。压力、疼痛
（2）我们把三年级的分数标准从原来的160分（ ）到现在的150分。
（3）最近，去那个地方观光的人（ ）了。

2建立 创立 创办 树立
（1）（ ）一门新学科不是件容易的事。
（2）1986年我国（ ）了南极长城站。
（3）陈晨年轻时（ ）过一家医院。
（4）我们为三年级的学生（ ）了中国历史课。
（5）他们从小就（ ）了远大理想。

3接待 招待 款待 待遇
（1）这两瓶酒是留着（ ）客人的。
（2）你随便走进一个蒙古包，都会受到热情的（ ）。
（3）来报名的学生太多了，我们都（ ）不过来了。
（4）这儿的工作条件很艰苦，可是（ ）比在美国高。

4禁止 制止 阻止 严禁
（1）孩子们的正当行为却遭 到了（ ）
（2）父母（ ）我去西藏，真让我无可奈何。
（3）这是加油站，（ ）烟火。
（4）他们闹得太不像话了，应该（ ）他们

1998年历史试卷
一、选择题(把正确答案的英文字母代号填入题后的括号内，每题1分，共60分)
1．现在知道中国境内最早的古人类是： ( )
A.北京人 B.元谋人 C．蓝田人 D．山顶洞人
2．中国最早的奴隶制国家夏朝建立的时间是： ( )
A．公元前21世纪 B．公元前16世纪 C．公元前475年 D。公元前221年
3．儒家学派的创造人是： ( )
A．孔子 B.老子 C．孟子 D。庄子
4．秦朝为巩固封建主义中央集权制，在地方推行： ( )
A．井田制 B．分封制 C．郡县制 D．租庸调制
5，西汉的都城设在长安，即今天的： ( )
A．北京 B．天津 C．开封 D．西安
6．下面是汉时丝绸之路的几个地点，如果从长安出发，哪一组数字的排序是正确的： ( )
1．大秦 2．河西走廊 3．安息等地 4。今新疆
A.(1)(2)(3)(4) B．(2)(4)(3)(1) C．(2)(3)(4)(1) D．(3)(4)(2)(¨
7．曹操在统一北方过程中，起决定性作用的战役是： ( )
A．官渡之战 B．赤壁之战 C．昆明之战 D．淝水之战
8．南朝时，中国最伟大的数学家是： ( )
A．贾思勰 B．范缜 C．王羲之 D．祖冲之
9．三国时，孙权派将军卫温率万人船队到夷洲，夷洲即今天的： ( )
A．越南 B．泰国 C．台湾 D．朝鲜
10．中国的科举制最早设于： ( )
A．隋朝 B．唐朝 C．宋朝 D．明朝
11．唐朝进入全盛时期是在： ( )
A．唐玄宗统治时期 B．唐太宗统治时期 C．武则天统治时期 D．唐高宗统治时期
12．唐朝与吐藩的关系“和同为一家”吐藩是哪一个民族的祖先： ( )
A．藏族 B．维吾尔族 C．满族 D．回族
13．北宋中期著名的政治改革家是： ( )
A．司马光 B．苏轼 C．王安石 D．岳飞
14．毕升发明的活字版用的是： ( )
A铜活字 B．铅活字 C木活字 D。陶活字
15．元朝建立的时间是： ( )
A．1206年 B．1260年 C．1271年 D．1276年
16．在中国古代，新王朝的建立者有这样几类人，朱元璋可归属为： ( )
A．11]：F朝的高官 B。某一少数民族的首领 C．农民起义领袖 D．某一诸候国的国君
17．明末农民起义领袖是： ( )
A．李白成 B．王小波、李颅 C．黄巢 D．陈胜、吴广
18．下列各项中，属于清朝初年加强皇权措施的是： ( )
A．大兴文字狱 B．设三省六部制 C设行省制度 D．设军机处
19．1696年，清军大败噶尔丹于： ( )
A．乌兰布通 B．伊犁 C．昭莫多 D．雅克萨
20．北京作为中国的都城开始于下面哪一个朝代： ( )
A．宋 B．元 C．明 D．清
21．英国发动侵略中国的鸦片战争爆发于： ( )
A．1839年 B．1840年 C．1841年 D．1842年
22．阐述“师夷之长技以制夷”这一新思想的著作是： ( )
A．《四洲志》 B．《资政新篇》 C．{海国图志》 D．{天演论，
23．在第二次鸦片战争中，侵占中国大片领土的资本主义国家是： ( )
A．法国 B．英国 C．美国 D。沙俄
24．太平天国发生“天京事变”的直接原因是： ( )
A．定都天京后，太平天国领导集团进取心减退 B．领导集团开始腐化，日益脱离群众 c．清政府挑拨离间 D．杨秀清居功自傲，逼洪秀全封他为“万岁’
25．中国无产阶级产生于： ( )
A．19世纪四、五十年 B．19世纪六、七十年代
C．19世纪末 D．20世纪初
26．19世纪六、七十年代，洋务派创办了一批近代军事工业，江南制造总局的创办人是：( )
A．曾国藩 B．李鸿章 C．左宗棠 D．崇厚
27．台湾正式建立行省是在： ( )
A．鸦片战争以后 B．第二次鸦片战争以后 C．中法战争以后 D．中日甲午战争以后
28．下列战役，属于1883年至1885年中法战争的是： ( )
A．黄海战役 B．威海卫战役 C．虎门之战 D．镇南关大捷
29．标志中国完全陷入半殖民地半封建社会的不平等条约是； ( )
A．〈〈南京条约〉〉 B．《天津条约》 C．《马关条约》 D．〈〈辛丑条约〉〉
30．孙中山创建的革命组织是： ( )
A．兴中会 B。华兴会 C．光复会 D．保国会
31．在新文化运动中，最早提出以白话文代替文言文主张的是： ( )
A．李大钊 B．胡适 C．蔡元培 D．鲁迅
32．中共“一大”选举出的中央局书记是： ( )
A．毛泽东 B．瞿秋白 C．陈独秀 D．王明
33．北伐战争期间，中国人民收回的租界是： ( )
A．汉口英租界和九江英租界 B．上海英租界和汉口俄租界
C．汉口俄租界和九江英租界 D．九江英租界和上海英租界
34．抗日战争初期，台儿庄战役发生在： ( )
A．徐州会战期间 B．淞沪会战期间 C．武汉会战期间 D．太原会战期间
35．毛泽东在中共“七大”所作的政治报告是： ( )
A．〈〈新民主主义论〉〉 D．(论联合政府)
C．〈〈论反对日本帝国主义的策略〉〉 D．〈〈论持久战〉〉
36．1945年8月国共两党在重庆谈判，签订的协定是： ( )
A．〈〈国内和平协定〉〉 B．〈〈共同纲领〉〉 C〈〈双十协定〉〉 D．〈〈停战协定〉〉
37．<<家>>一书的作者是： ( )
A．鲁迅 B．茅盾 C．老舍 D．巴金
38．1954年中国第一届全国人民代表大会制定了： ( )
A．<<中国土地法大纲>> B．<<中华人民共和国土地改革法>>
C．<<中华人民共和囝宪法>> D．社会主义建设总路线
39．被誉为中国“两弹元勋”的科学家是： ( )
A．钱学森 B．华罗庚 C．赵忠尧 D．邓稼先
40．下列历史事件发生在先后顺序是： ( )
A．“四五”运动 B．<<五•一六通知>>发表
C．大跃进运动 D．中共十一届三中全会
A．(1)(2)(3)(4) B．(2)(1)(3)(4) C．(4)(3)(2)(1) D．(3)(2)(1)(4)
41．埃及统一奴隶制国家开始形成的时间是； ( )
A．公元前2500年左右 B．公元前3．500年左右
C．公元前3100年左右 D．公元前1894年
42．罗马帝国的建立者是： ( )
A．梭伦 B．屋大维 C．凯撒 D．伯利克里
43．基督教会正式分裂为东、西两部的时间是： ( )
A．843年 B．1358年 C．1381年 D．1054年
44．穆罕默德带着少数信徒，建立政教合一国家的地方是； ( )
A．麦地那 B．巴格达 C．开罗 D．麦加
45．印第安人中的印加入培植的重要农作物是； ( )
A．小麦 B．大麦 C．马铃薯 D．水稻
46．意大利文艺复兴运动的先驱是： ( )
A．但丁 B．达•芬奇 C．普林尼 D．莎士比亚
47．滑铁卢战役发生的时间和地点： ( )
A．1807年在西班牙 B．1812年在俄国
C．1813年在德意志 D．1815年在布鲁塞尔附近
48．在历史上曾经三次瓜分波兰的国家是： ( )
A．俄国 B．普鲁士 C．瑞典 D．奥地利
49，江户时代(1603年一1868)年，被称为“三都”的三座日本城市是： ( )
A．江户、长崎，下关 B．京都、神户、大坂
C．大坂、横滨、函馆 D．扛户、大坂、京都
50．德国统一完成的时间是： ( )
A．1864年 B．1866年 C．1870年 D．1971年
51．19世纪70年代创制了发电机，是根据： ( )
A．爱迪生的发明 B．卡尔•本茨的设计
C．贝尔的试验 D．法拉第从试验中发现的原理
52．在下列帝国主义国家中，19世纪末20世纪初在经济上超过其他国家，名列前茅的是：( )
A．英国和法国 B．美国和德国 C．俄国和日本 D．英国和日本
53．第一次世界大战中，英军首次使用坦克的战役是： ( )
A．马恩河战役 B．凡尔登战役 C．索姆河战役 D．巴尔干战场
54．第一次世界大战结束后，提出建立国际联盟的建议的是； ( )
九劳治•乔尔 B．克里孟梭 C威尔逊 D．罗斯福
55．下列法西斯首领中，谁最早攫取的政权： ( )
九希特勒 B．墨索里尼 C东条英机 D．佛朗哥
56．苏联正式建立于： ( )
丸1917年 B．1921年 C．1922年 D，1936年
57．1938年9月，出席幕尼黑会议的有哪些国家的首脑： ( )
A．捷克斯洛伐克、德国、法国、英国 B．德、法、英、意
C．捷、德、英、意 认捷、德、法、意
58．决定在欧洲开辟第二战场的国际会议是； ( )
九开罗会议 B．德黑兰会议 C雅尔塔会议 D．波茨坦会议
59．北大西洋公约签订于： ( )
A．1947年 B．1949年 C．1952年 D．1955年
60．1990年东欧、苏联发生的事件中不包括： ( )
A．两个德国统一 B．立陶宛、爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚独立
C．东欧共产党纷纷丧失政权 D．南斯拉夫一分为五
二，名词解释(每题5分，共20分)；
司马迁


重庆谈判



(解放黑奴宣言)



“三•一”独立运动



三、问答（每题10分，共20分）
1． 试述洋务运动的内容及其历史作用。



2． 英国资产阶级革命的原因及其历史意义述评





1998年历史答案
一、选择题
1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．A 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．C 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．B 21．B 22．C 23．D 24．D 25．A 26．D 27．C 28．D 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．C 33．A 34．A 35．B 36．C 37．D 38．C 39．D 40．D 41．C 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．A 47．D 48．A 49．D 50．C 51．D 52．B 53．C 54．C 55．B 56．C 57．B 58．B 59．B 60．D
二、名词解释
1．司马迁
西汉杰出的史学家，任太史令期间，写成一部50多万字的史学著作{史记)，以纪传的体例，叙述了从黄帝到汉武帝时期的二三千年间的史事，这是我国第一部通史，也成为我国传记文学和历代王朝编写史书的典范。
2．重庆谈判：
解放战争时期国共党举行的一次和平谈判。蒋介石的目的是争取时间准备内战。共产党要求国民党承认解放区的民主政权和人民军队的合法地位；同时同意让出长扛以南苏南等八个解放区。双方于1945年10月lO日签订了《会谈纪要》又称《双十协定》协定规定坚决避免内战，在和平、民主、团结、统一的基础上，建设独立、自由、富强的新中国。
3．《解放黑奴宣言》
1862年林肯政府颁布的重要宣言，规定从1863年1月1日起废除叛乱诸州的奴隶制，允许奴隶作为自由人参加联邦的军队。这个法令激发了黑人奴隶的革命积极性。
4．“三•一”独立运动：
1919年3月1日爆发的朝鲜人民反对日本殖民统治、争取民族独立的群众运动。起义从汉城开始，迅速席卷整个朝鲜。最后被日本帝国主义镇压下去。
三、问答：
1．试述洋务运动的内容及其历史作用。
内容：
第二次鸦片战争后，在镇压太平天国和同外国资本主义打交道的过程中，清朝统治阶级中一部分较为开明的人土，认识到西方武器和科学技术的先进，开始于19世纪60至90年代掀起以“自强”“求富”为口号，巩固清朝统治为目的的洋务运动，具体措施有：
(1) 采用西方资本主义国家的技术，举办了一批官办的近代军事工业和民用工业。前者主要有曾国藩创办的安庆军械所，李鸿章创办的江南制造总局等，使用新式机器和西方工厂的组织形式，产品供国家和军队使用；后者主要有上海轮船招商局和开平煤矿等，采用官办、官督商办、官商合办的形式，部分产品作为商品交换。
(2) 开办新式学堂，派遗留学生。
(3) 翻译西方科技书籍、引进西方先进的科学技术。
作用：
(1) 引进了西方先进技术
(2) 培养了一批技术人员
(3) 使一些官僚、商人投资于近代工业，在客观上刺激了中国资本主义的发展，对外国经济势力也起了一定的抵制作用。
2． 英国资产阶级革命的原因及历史意义述评。
原因：
新航路开辟后，英国利用有利的地理位置，积极开展对外贸易和海上冒险活动，同时开展殖民活动，资本主义迅速发展起来，资产阶级和新贵族的力量随之强大。
1603年开始统治英国的斯田亚特王朝却厉行专制统治，独断专横，严重地阻碍了资本主义的发展。当时的英国议会已经形成了一个传统，没有它的同意不能制订法律，不得征税。因此，国王同议会关系紧张。
查理一世征收各种苛捐杂税，把持和出售各种专卖权，导致社会矛盾激化。与议会的关系也更加恶化，几次解敌议会，长期不召集议会。
1638年，苏格兰人首先起来反对国王的专制统治。查理一世为了筹措军费镇压起义，被迫召集议会。新议会坚持限制王权，，国王力图压制，终于导致革命爆发。
历史意义：
英国确立了君主立宪制的政体。确立了资产阶级和新贵族在英国的统治地位。
是资本主义制度对封建制度的一次重大胜利，推毁了封建制度对资本主义制度发展的障碍。
揭开了欧美资产阶级革命的序幕，具有世界意义。

小测验
1．经常 时常 平常 通常 普通
（1）妈妈（ ）提醒他骑自行车要注意安全。
（2）家乡的春天（ ）下雨。
（3）这件衣服的样子太（ ）了。
（4）他是位极（ ）的校长。
（5）按照（ ）的情况，星期天我不出门。

2．经过 路过 通过 穿过
（1）今天我（ ）商店，进去看了看。
（2）明天下午有外宾车队从这条路（ ）。
（3）这趟车到北京要（ ）天津。
（4）每天上下班都要（ ）这个热闹的农贸市场。

3．举办 举行 进行
（1）大家决定对这个问题（ ）讨论。
（2）学生会（ ）了一个演讲培训班。
（3）当时有很多外国人来这里（ ）工厂。
（4）“十•一”将在天安门广场（ ）大型晚会。

4．具备 具有 拥有 怀有
（1）这些孩子从小就（ ）远大的理想。
（2）目前我们还不（ ）招收研究生的能力。
（3）外国朋友很喜欢（ ）中国传统风格的工艺品。
（4）他（ ）大量的支持者

小测验 10分钟
1创造 发明 制造 发现
（1）科学家们（ ），地球的温度正在逐年上升。
（2）中医和西医相结合治疗感冒是医生们的（ ）。
（3）爱迪生（ ）了电灯。

2促进 促使 推进
（1）老师的批评（ ）我认真对待自己的学习。
（2）老师们的讲话（ ）了同学们的友好相处。
（3）我们在努力（ ）这项计划。

3错误 缺点 毛病
（1）克服自身的（ ）有利于进步。
（2）我妹妹有爱吃零食的（ ）。
（3）如果对工作不认真就可能犯（ ）。

4发表 公布 宣传 宣布 宣告
（1）1949年10月1日中华人民共和国（ ）成立。
（2）“西安事件”以后，蒋介石被迫（ ）宣言，联合抗日。
（3）今天老师（ ）了汉语水平考试的结果。
（4）新的婚姻法刚（ ）。
（5）今天是爱鸟日，学生们上街（ ）保护鸟类。

5废除 取消 清除 消除
（1）阿里没有交学费，学校（ ）了他的学习资格。
（2）星期天，我们全家一起（ ）院子里的积雪。
（3）他的话（ ）了我对他的误会。
（4）这场革命（ ）了皇帝的统治

《世界中古史》期中考试试卷

姓名 学号 分数


一 名词解释（30分）

毁坏圣像运动 《末日审判书》
查理曼《古兰经》大化革新

二 简答题（20分）
1、封君封臣制度对西欧社会的影响
2、主教任职权之争

三 论述题（50分）
1、试论述中世纪早期日耳曼诸王国的基督教教化。
2、试论述法国卡佩王朝王权的发展。



뱀다리 : 다른일이 있어서 신경 못 쓰다가 갑자기 본 시험이었다. 다행이도 평소에 관심이 있던 종교쪽으로 문제가 많이 나와서 구사일생을 했던 시험이라고나 할까?! 종교쪽으로 많이 안나왔으면 울어버릴뻔 했다. -0-;;;

가디록님이 말씀하신것은 "악과 깡"입니다. 절실히 동감이 가는군요. 본인 역시도 악과 깡으로 어떻게든 버텨나가고 있는 몸으로서, 그리고 중국바닥에서 어느덧 4년이 되어가는 노땅으로서 중국어를 어떻게 하면 정복할 수 있을까에 대해서 생각나는데로 적어보겠습니다.


1. 처음에는 무조건 발음이다!!!
발음이라는 것은 나중에 고쳐야지따구의 생각을 가지게 된 순간부터 완전 제 멋대로 발음이 되어버립니다. 본인 역시 중국애들이 야리꾸리하게 저를 바라봅니다. 중국어 발음이 표준어 발음이 아니고 조선족이 중국어 하는 것처럼 조금 야리꾸리하게 되어버렸거든요. 이젠 고쳐보려고 해도, 습관으로 굳어져서 나도 모르게 나오는 중국어를 어쩔 수도 없답니다.

그러니까 처음에는 다른것 신경쓰지 마시고, 일단 발음에 집중하세요. 천천히 말해도 상관없습니다. 또박또박 정확한 발음으로 읽으세요. 이딴게 쓸데가 어디있어? 라고 하실지는 몰라도, 나중에 되면 큰 차이를 보인답니다.

본인의 북경 엄마-0-;;이자 대외한어박사과정에 있으신 누님의 훈련도 이랬습니다. 저 처음에 1달동안 "어언대학"만 죽도록 말하고 다녔습니다. 중국어를 아시는 분들은 이해하시겠지만, 이넘의 "어언대학"이라는 발음에는 중국어 발음중에서 제일 어렵다는 2성-3성 연타가 도사리고 있습니다. 2성-3성연타만 제대로 해도 발음의 90%는 넘어갈 수 있습니다.

무엇보다 주의하실것은 어느정도 발음 된다고 깝치다가 (본인의 이야기임 ㅠㅠ) 발음연습 안하시면 결국 도로아미타불보다 더 어려운 상황에 빠지게 됩니다. 제대로 되지 않은 발음이 습관이 되서 그것을 교정하는 것은 처음부터 배우는 것보다 몇배나 힘이 들죠.



2. 문법같은거 하지 마라!!
이건 본인의 지론입니다. 처음 중국어를 배웠을때 보어가 어떻고, 주어가 어떻고, 주동빈을 어떻게 배치해야되며 따구를 배웠습니다. 그런데 잘 생각해보십시오.

여러분들은 한국말을 하면서, "내가" "아버지의" "가방을" "들어""올렸다"라고 하나하나 순서를 분석해가면서 읽으시나요? 그냥 "내가 아버지의 가방을 들어 올렸다"라고 읽어버립니다. 언어에서 문법이라는 것은, 지금 현재 쓰는 말의 규칙을 찾아내서 정리해놓은 것에 불과합니다. 그것을 달달 외운다고 하더라도 현실에서는 쓸.모.가. 없.습.니.다.

중국애들이 하는 이야기를 들으면서, 주어가 뭐고 동사가 뭐고 목적어가 뭔지 생각할 수 있을것 같습니까? 그런거 생각하다보면 전혀 알아들을 수 없습니다. 중요한 부분만 들으십시오. 그러다 보면 다른 부분도 자동으로 들리게 될것입니다.

예를 들어서 : "이렇게 못나고 바보같은 나는 아름답고 천사같은 영혼의 xx를 내 목숨이 다하는 날까지 이 몸을 다 바쳐서 열열히 사랑해"

이런 말이 있다면 중요한 것은 사랑한다는 말입니다. 다른거 다 안 들려도 상관없습니다. 나중에 되면 저 모든 내용이 다 들리게 될 것입니다. 처음에는 그냥 들으십시오. 저 사람이 무슨 이야기를 하는지만 알아도 됩니다.

역시 누님에게 어떻게 실질적으로 훈련을 당하였는가?! 누님이 볼일이 있을때 따라갑니다. 저 중국온지 3개월도 안되었을때 말이죠. 누님이 중국인들과 ㅤㅆㅘㄹ라~ㅤㅆㅘㄹ랑~ 해도 절대 무슨 말인지 알수가 없습니다. 이제 막 중국말 배웠는데 뭘 알겠습니까? "++++ 좋아한다" "++++ 싫어" "++++ 좋아" "++++ 얼마냐?"정도만 겨우겨우 알아듣습니다.

그러나 저희 누님은 인정사정없이, 우리들이 무슨 말을 했냐고 물어보십니다. 괴롭습니다. 대충 대화 분위기와 상황에 껴서 맞추게 됩니다. 이 물건을 보다가 "얼마에요"라고 물어본다음에 상대방이 가격을 말하고 누나 표정이 안 좋아 보인다음에, "xxxx"라고 하고 상대방이 가격을 낮추었다면, 그 표현이 어떻게 되었든, 깍아달라는 소리였겠죠? 이 부분만 아시면 됩니다. 처음에는!!! 나중에 되면 안 들리던 부분도 서서히 들리게 되실거라고 장담합니다!!!

그리고 또 다른 방법이 "301"라는 불멸의 교제를 달달 외우는 거이었습니다.
중국어를 조금이라도 배우신분들은 301라고 하시면 아실거라 생각됩니다. 전 그거 처음 1달만에 301구를 아무 생각없이 처음부터 끝까지 적어내려갔습니다. 무슨 뜻인지 아냐고요? 1단원에 나오는 "니하우~"만 알았습니다. ㅠㅠ 그냥 무식하게 외웠습니다. 무슨 뜻인지 관심도 없습니다. 한자는 쓰.는. 것이 아니라, 그.리.고. 있습니다. 그것도 개발세발입니다.

그래도 이 과정이 끝나니까. 그 달달 외운것들이 너무 아무 생각없이 달달외워서 입에서 자동으로 나오더군요. 그것이 한국말로 무슨 뜻인지 생각하기 전에 입에서 나오는 것이죠.



3. 중한사전을 쓰지 마라!!
사실 제일 좋은 것은 처음부터 중국어-중국어사전으로 삽질을 하는 것이지만, 실질적으로 이렇게 하는 것은 어렵습니다. 하지만, 대충 6개월 정도가 지난뒤에는 무조건 중중사전을 쓰십시오. 무조건입니다.무슨 뜻인지 모르겠는데 이게 무슨 공부냐?! 라고 하시는 분들!!

"이렇게 ++++ 바보같은 나는 아름답고 ++++++++ 영혼의 xx를 내 목숨이 ++++ 날+++ 이 몸을 다 +++ +++++ 사랑해"

라는 문장에서 "++++" 이 모르는 단어라도 대충 글의 분위기를 보면 안에 무슨 말이 들어갈지 아시겠죠? 물론 정확하게는 알 수 없지만 대충 어림짐작이 가지 않습니까? 그럼 ++++는 영원히 모르는거 아니냐? 라고 하시는 분들이 있습니다. 아닙니다. +++++부분은 계속 보다보면 보입니다. 정말 그렇습니다.

예를 들어서 : "역지사지" 라는 말에 뜻을 우리는 모릅니다. 그런데 이런 문장이 나타났습니다.

"얌마! 역지사지로 생각해봐라. 니가 내 입장이면 기분이 좋겠냐?"

역지사지가 무슨 말인지 몰라도, 대충 입장을 바꾸는 건가?! 라고 생각한다면 그것으로 통과입니다. 그 뒤에 역지사지라는 단어를 많이 접하게 되고, 그 뜻을 사전처럼 정확하게 풀어쓰지 못해도 그 단어를 마음으로 느끼게 됩니다.

웃찾사의 미친소의 말대로 "중국어는 내 마음속에 있는 겁니다-0-;;


무엇보다 한글이 포함된 사전을 읽으면 안 좋은 점이 생각을 2차로 나누어서 하게 됩니다. 무슨 말인고 하니, 한쪽으로는 한국말을 생각하면서 다른 쪽 머리로는 그 한국말을 중국말로 번.역.하고 있습니다. 이것은 외국어학습시 절.대.로. 해서는 안되는 행위입니다. 이렇게 하시는 분들은 외국어가 어느정도의 수준에 도달하면 그 순간부터 절대 발전이 없습니다.

중국어로만 생각해야됩니다. 그래야 폼나게 줄줄줄~~ 중국어도 유창하게 말할 수 있습니다. 한국어에서 번역하면서 말하고 있으면, 그것 자체로 제대로 된 중국말도 아닐 뿐더러, 대화가 이어지지 못하고 뚝뚝 끊기게 됩니다.



4. 나는 바보다라고 복창한다!!!
무엇보다 문제가 처음에 제대로 말을 못하는 것을 쪽팔려합니다. 자존심ㅤㄸㅒㅤ문에 그러는 것이죠. 솔직히 외국어를 배운다는 것은 애가 되어서 공부하는거나 다름없습니다. 자존심을 버리세요. 어떤 유도 만화에서도 나왔지만 "나는 바보다!!!"라고 복창하세요!!

처음에는 단어만 열거하게 됩니다. "나" "사랑" "너" 라고 어떤 외국인이 한국말로 했다고 합시다?! 여러분은 알아듣겠습니까? 최소한 뜻은 알겠죠? 처음에는 다 그런겁니다. 그거 쪽팔려할 필요도 없습니다. 그러면서 점점 유창하게 단어를 구사하실수 있습니다.

무슨 뜻인지 모를 말을 한다고요? 그냥 물어보십시오. 중국에 계시다면, 중국인들에게 그게 무슨 말이냐고 물어보는 것은 당연한 겁니다. 우린 외.국.인.입니다. 여러분이 한국말 하는 외국인을 만났던 경험을 떠올려보십시오. 솔직히 발음 엉터리에 단어조합으로 말하고 있지만, 그것 자체만으로 왠지 기분 좋지 않습니까? 그리고 외국인이 한국말로 무엇을 물어보면 자상하게 대답해주는 편이지 않습니까? 똑같습니다.

중국인들도 사람입니다. 외국인이 중국말하면서 뭘 물어보면 대답 안해줄 사람들은 극소수입니다. 대부분이 재미있어하면서 대답해주고 이야기를 합니다. 그리고 그런 중국인들 앞에서 버벅거리는 것은 당연한겁니다. 여러분은 이제 중국말을 배웠는데 안 버벅거리면 그것이 오히려 이상한 것이지요.

자존심같은것은 외국어 공부에서 독약입니다. 쓸데 없는 자존심을 버리시고, 난 바보다라고 복창하세요^^



5. 중국인이 되라.
저희 아버지가 중국으로 떠나는 저에게 내리신 절대명령중 하나입니다. 참고로 저희 아버지는 대만에서 8년동안 공부하셨습니다. 다시 말해서 이미 4년굴려서 솔직히 어느정도 중국이 지겨워져가는 저도 아버님의 짬밥에는 못 당한다는 것이죠. 고참의 말을 들으면 떡이 하나 더 생긴다고 하던가요? 최대한 노력했습니다.

한국애들은 저희 옷을 보면 항상 뭐라고 합니다. 니가 짱깨냐고 말이죠. 조금...아니 쫌 많이...막 입고 다닙니다. 요즘 젊은 중국애들도 안 먹는다는 향차이도 맛있게 먹습니다. 아니 향차이 없으면 어떻게 니우로우미엔을 먹는지 이해가 안됩니다. 무엇보다 샤워도 중국인들의 하는 운동에 따라서 일주일에 2번하기를.......-0-;;;

반쯤 농담으로 한 말이지만, 외국어를 잘하려면 그 나라 사람이 되어보는 것 만큼 좋은 것이 없습니다. 막말로 당장 굶어죽을듯이 배고프면 향차이든 향차이 할아버지든 다 먹습니다. 뭐가 두렵습니까? 지금 당장 입을 옷이 없고, 추워죽겠는데 내복입고 구멍뚫린 잠바라도 입지 않겠습니까?! 중국애들이 그렇게 하는 것에는 그네들 나름대로의 생활의 지혜가 있는 것입니다. 그리고 그런 생활속에서 중국어가 살아있는 것입니다.



6. 총정리.
사실 중국어 뿐만 아니라 모든 외국어에 적용될 방법인듯 합니다. 얼마전에 "영어공부 절대로 하지마라"라는 책을 보았습니다. 상당히 공감이 가는 내용이 많이 있더군요. 어린애들이 언어를 배우듯이 공부하는 것이 핵심입니다.

1) 어린애을 따라해라! 그럼 성공하리라.
2) 깡과 악이면 살아남을수는 있다.-0-;;
3) 나는 바보다! 쓸데 없는 자존심을 버려라!!
4) 눈치까지 있으면 국경을 초월한 사랑도 꿈은 아니다!! -0-;;
5) 무엇보다 중요한 것은!! 중국인이 되어라!!!






뱀다리 : 가디록님의 글을 보고 적어보았습니다. 이렇게 저렇게 말해도, 본인도 겨우 먹고 사는 정도의 중국어만 독파했으면서 이런 말을 하기가 쑥스럽군요. -0-;;;;

小测验 10分钟
1改善 改造 革新
（1）中国正在进行政治、经济的（ ）。
（2）农民们正在（ ）低产农田
（3）工厂里的年轻人正在（ ）落后的设备。
（4）顾客们要求饭店提高服务质量，（ ）服务态度。
（5）星期天休息，我们全家（ ）生活，做了很多好吃的菜。
（6）现在吃的水果已经是（ ）过的品种了。

2关心 关怀 安慰 慰问
（1）他家里着火后，同事们都去看他，（ ）他。
（2）党一直（ ）着年青人的成长。
（3）每到过节，我们都去（ ）军人。
（4）我们都很（ ）北京的交通问题。

3广泛 广大 广阔 宽阔
（1）无论是谁都喜欢好看的东西，这是（ ）规律。
（2）排球运动在中国开展得很（ ）
（3）（ ）消费者有权维护自己的利益。
（4）在（ ）的内蒙古草原上，你可以看到很多羊。
（5）她喜欢有（ ）胸怀的男人。

4激烈 剧烈 猛烈 强烈
（1）我军向敌人展开了（ ）的进攻。风 雨 炮火
（2）顾客们（ ）要求商店退钱。气味 光线 要求 愿望
（3）这个病人发高烧，而且有（ ）的头痛。疼痛 自然的变化（~地震）
（4）昨天晚上的足球比赛太（ ）了。比赛、言辞

2003~2004学年第二学期历史学系“中国古代史（下）”期末试卷

命题人：邓小南 张帆 分数（满分60分）：
姓名： 学号：


一 名词解（任选6题，每题5分）：
1．大索貌阅 2．律令格式 3．四时捺钵 4．濂洛关闽
5．诸色户计6．皇明祖训7．松山之战8．经营地主

二、问答题（每题15分）：
1、请简要说明唐宋时期社会经济的发展有哪些主要表现。
2、试比较元朝和清朝民族政策的异同



뱀다리 : 북경대 역사과에서 특단의 조치를 취해서, 1학년 필수중에 하나인 중국고대사부분에서 유학생들은 "중문과의 유학생"들을 위해서 개설하는 중국고대사쪽으로 가도 되게 만들었다. 당연하지만 중국과쪽이 훨씬 쉽다. 쫀심 하나로 인생을 하는 바보군과 그 동족들 3명, 합이 4명이 중국애들과 끝까지 수업을 같이 했다. 안타깝게도 그 중에서 한명이 뿌지거를 했지만 말이다.

대충 나올만한 문제들이 나왔다. 하지만 성적은 중국과쪽으로 간 애들보다 10점이상 낮은 결과가 발생해서, 솔직히 많이 열받기도 했던 시험이기도 하다^^::

补语练习
一、填上适当的补语
1．他转（ ）身（ ），一步一步地向我走（ ）。
2．他激动地站（ ），一句话也说不（ ）。
3．鹅毛大雪一片一片地飘落（ ），把一切一切都盖上了。世界变成一片银白。
4．我们的日子一天一天好了（ ）。
5．他的身体一天天垮（ ）了，精神也越来越消沉了，我们不能看着他这样倒（ ）。
6．从树上跳（ ）一只猴子。
7．这菜看（ ）差点，吃（ ）还是挺不错的.
8．让我留（ ）照顾他吧。
9．我的话音刚落，大家就纷纷议论（ ）。

二、补语填空
1．我坐在最后面，看（ ）黑板上的字。A不清B不懂C不进去D不起
2．你的王府井书店看看，你要的书也许在那儿就能买（ ）。
A完 B到 C得到 D得了
3．他的汉语水平全班第一，没有一个人能比（ ）他。
A得出 B得到 C得上 Ｄ得好
4．他可不在乎，什么话都说（ ）。A得出来B不出来 C不清楚D不完
5．太贵的衣服我买（ ）。A不出 B不到C不了D不起
6．这本小说你年底能写（ ）吗？A出来B下来C下去D进来
7．他忙得连饭都顾（ ）吃。A不成 B不了C不得D不好
8．我脱（ ）挂在衣架上。A完B下C去D上
9．他暗暗记（ ）了这笔帐。A来B去C过D下
10．明天早上赶火车，千万别睡（ ）了。A起B上C着D过
11．他们已经赛（ ）了,我们快去吧.A下 B上 C来 D去
12．电影快开演了，观从陆续走（ ）电影院。
A进来 Ｂ出 C进 D进去
13．这个消息很快就传（ ）了。A开 B过 C去 D来
14．我还没说完，他就打（ ）我的话。A动B住C下D断
15．记者拍（ ）了这个珍贵的镜头。A完B好C上D下
16．时间不早了，把风筝收（ ）吧！
A下去B下来C起来D过来
17．昨晚那阵大风，把门前的树都刮（ ）了。A死 B散C倒D没
18．我听他们说（ ）旅行见闻，真是有意思极了。
A起B上C下去D出
19．听到这个消息，她难过得（ ）。A要命 B死了 C慌 D忍不住
20．她接（ ）老人的背包，扶着老人走下楼去。A来 B走C去 D过
21．风停了，雨住了,海也静了（ ）。A起来 B下去C下来 D过来

중국인지라 이제야 시험이 끝났습니다. 한국과 비교하면 참으로 처참하죠. 더욱 정확하게 말하자면 금요일에 시험이 하나 더 남아있기는 하지만 , 바보가 아니라면 다들 좋은 점수로 통과하는 과목에서 문제가 생길리는 없겠죠. 이제 슬슬 백수 블로깅을 해야될터인데, 그동안 미루어두었던 일들이 많군요. 일단 그것부터 정리해야겠습니다.





여러분들! 알고 있으면 대답 부탁드립니다!!!
1. 0.94 버젼에서 적용하는 플로그인들 모아둔 곳 없나요?!
2. 계정에서 작동하는 인터넷 북마크 솔루션 뭐 없을까요?!


(무엇보다 어떻게 하면 하늘이님을 협박해서 파라다이스 신버젼을 획득할까요? -0-;;)



뱀다리 : 여친님이라는 분은 제가 마지막 시험보고 있을 때, 한국으로 가셨습니다. 지금쯤 한국에 있겠군요. 미웡~~ 미웡~~ 미웡죽겠쏘~~ (전 빨라도 23일에나 한국을 갑니다.ㅠㅠ)

结果补语 趋向补语 练习
一、填上适当的结果补语
1．她不一会儿就把书柜里的书摆（ ）了。
2．我好不容易才找（ ）这把钥匙。
3．A你怎么这么脏呀？B路太滑，摔（ ）了。
4．打（ ）窗子透透空气吧！
5．来，帮帮忙，把门扶（ ），不要让它乱动。
6．你先睡吧，我看（ ）电视再睡。
7．你看你，这自行车不但没修（ ），反而越发修（ ）了。
8．把要求讲（ ）、讲（ ），这样大家做的时候才能做（ ）。

二、填上适当的趋向补语
1．她蹦蹦跳跳地朝花坛那儿跑（ ）。
2．是他去机场把老教授接（ ）的。
3．他转（ ）身（ ），一步一步地向我走（ ）。
4．她激动地站（ ）身（ ），一句话也说不（ ）。
5．鹅毛大雪一片一片地飘落（ ），整个世界变成一片银白。
6．她说她一定要把这件事情做（ ），不能半途而废。
7．我们的日子天天好了（ ）。
8．他的身体一天天垮（ ）了，精神也越来越消沉。
9．风停了，风住了，海也静了（ ）
10．她从本子上撕（ ）一张纸，写了一封短信。
11．这菜看（ ）差点儿，吃（ ）还是挺不错的。
12．他的心紧张得都快跳（ ）了。

三、把括号中的趋向动词放到适当的位置上
掏 手绢 （出） 下 出 （去） 送 温暖 （来）
谈 话 （起来） 送 家 （回去） 走 教室 （进来）
爬 树 （上去） 拿 钱 （来） 走 一个 孩子 （来）
游 河 （过去） 举 手 （起来） 转 身 （过来）
拿 一封信 出来 跑 一匹 小马 （出去）

补语练习
1．衣服上的油渍怎么也擦（ ）。A不起来 B不好 C不干净 Ｄ不开
2．这些作业我一个小时就能作（ ）。A上 B完 C来 D清
3．这个箱子太重了，我们俩抬（ ）。A不好B不动 C不止 D不得
4．我们找（ ）他，只好先回来了。A不了 Ｂ不动　Ｃ不到　　Ｄ着
５．小姑娘看（ ）只有十一、二岁，非常可爱。
Ａ起来　　Ｂ出来　　Ｃ上来　　Ｄ下去
６．演出结束后，观众们都站（ ）热烈鼓掌。
A起来 B出来 C上来 D下去
7．他把自行车卖（ ）了。 A走 B给 C掉 D住
8．他紧紧握（ ）我的手说。 A好 B完 C上 D住
9．飞机飞（ ）大海。 A走 B来 C去 D过
10．请你把画从墙上拿（ ），好吗？A下去 B过来 Ｃ过去 D下来
11．今年冬天冷得（ ）。A极 B透 C坏 D多
12．这个问题我们解决（ ）。A得了 B不行 C不完 D不清楚
13．那么晚去吃饭，食堂还卖饭吗？恐怕（ ）了。
A吃不完 B吃不下 C吃不动 D吃不上
14．他生了很大的气，我（ ）。
A打不过他 B打得过他 C说不过他 D说得过他
15．这道题太难了，我实在（ ）。A做得出来 B做不完 C做不好 D做不出来
16．这个消息已经传（ ）了整个医院。A到 B开 C遍 D全
17．现在农民住（ ）了新屋。A到B上C下 D着
18．在这方面他作（ ）了很大成绩。A上B下C进 D出
19．下课后，请大家把作业交（ ）。A上去B上来C下来D下